Podcast
Questions and Answers
What plays a vital role in communication and helps individuals remember their thoughts?
What plays a vital role in communication and helps individuals remember their thoughts?
What type of examination involves analyzing document alterations such as erasures and matching serrations?
What type of examination involves analyzing document alterations such as erasures and matching serrations?
Which examination uses invisible radiation beyond the red portion of the visible spectrum?
Which examination uses invisible radiation beyond the red portion of the visible spectrum?
What is the process of analyzing disputed handwriting known as?
What is the process of analyzing disputed handwriting known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is described as a combination of forms resulting from mental and muscular habits?
What is described as a combination of forms resulting from mental and muscular habits?
Signup and view all the answers
What examination technique records actual observations for further analysis?
What examination technique records actual observations for further analysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What does handwriting primarily express according to the content?
What does handwriting primarily express according to the content?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of examination is essential for determining outlines in traced forgery?
Which type of examination is essential for determining outlines in traced forgery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of questioned document examination?
What is the primary purpose of questioned document examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic defines a questioned document expert?
What characteristic defines a questioned document expert?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes questioned document examinations?
Which of the following best describes questioned document examinations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of graphology?
What is the primary goal of graphology?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of questioned documents can a forensic document examiner reveal?
What aspect of questioned documents can a forensic document examiner reveal?
Signup and view all the answers
Who primarily conducts document examinations as per the PNP process?
Who primarily conducts document examinations as per the PNP process?
Signup and view all the answers
What misconception might trial fiscal or judges have about questioned documents?
What misconception might trial fiscal or judges have about questioned documents?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key reason for utilizing the expertise of a questioned document examiner?
What is a key reason for utilizing the expertise of a questioned document examiner?
Signup and view all the answers
Under what circumstance can a previously examined document be re-examined by the PNP?
Under what circumstance can a previously examined document be re-examined by the PNP?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a factor considered by graphologists in their analyses?
Which of the following is a factor considered by graphologists in their analyses?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not commonly assessed in questioned document examinations?
Which of the following is not commonly assessed in questioned document examinations?
Signup and view all the answers
What can a questioned document expert conclude about a suspected forger?
What can a questioned document expert conclude about a suspected forger?
Signup and view all the answers
What service does the PNP Crime Laboratory provide regarding questioned documents?
What service does the PNP Crime Laboratory provide regarding questioned documents?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a reason for document examination as stated?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for document examination as stated?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of tool is mentioned as being useful for document examination?
Which type of tool is mentioned as being useful for document examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the requirement for examining disputed documents in a court case?
What is the requirement for examining disputed documents in a court case?
Signup and view all the answers
What primarily affects a person's handwriting during adolescence?
What primarily affects a person's handwriting during adolescence?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does poor eyesight have on handwriting?
What effect does poor eyesight have on handwriting?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle group is responsible for creating upward strokes in handwriting?
Which muscle group is responsible for creating upward strokes in handwriting?
Signup and view all the answers
During which stage of handwriting development does imitation primarily occur?
During which stage of handwriting development does imitation primarily occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What mental health condition may cause handwriting to deteriorate into illegibility without eliminating habitual characteristics?
What mental health condition may cause handwriting to deteriorate into illegibility without eliminating habitual characteristics?
Signup and view all the answers
What can alcohol abuse do to a person's handwriting ability?
What can alcohol abuse do to a person's handwriting ability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can change handwriting over one's life?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that can change handwriting over one's life?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens during the execution stage of handwriting development?
What happens during the execution stage of handwriting development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the phenomenon called when some substances reflect visible light after exposure to ultraviolet radiation?
What is the phenomenon called when some substances reflect visible light after exposure to ultraviolet radiation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of ultraviolet examination?
What is the primary purpose of ultraviolet examination?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting handwriting?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting handwriting?
Signup and view all the answers
How are individual characteristics in handwriting defined?
How are individual characteristics in handwriting defined?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be minimized during exposure to ultraviolet light to prevent damage?
What should be minimized during exposure to ultraviolet light to prevent damage?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of characteristics are family group traits are considered?
What type of characteristics are family group traits are considered?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is handwriting still considered important in modern communication?
Why is handwriting still considered important in modern communication?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical factor affecting handwriting?
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical factor affecting handwriting?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a shadowgraph?
What is a shadowgraph?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a feature of a stereoscopic binocular microscope?
Which of the following is a feature of a stereoscopic binocular microscope?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary use of table lamps with adjustable shades?
What is the primary use of table lamps with adjustable shades?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'falsification of documents' imply?
What does the term 'falsification of documents' imply?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary detection use for an ultraviolet lamp?
What is the primary detection use for an ultraviolet lamp?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of an infrared viewer?
What is the primary function of an infrared viewer?
Signup and view all the answers
How is forgery generally classified?
How is forgery generally classified?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gadget is used for examining documents from below or behind the surface?
Which gadget is used for examining documents from below or behind the surface?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Questioned Document Examination
- Any material with marks, symbols, or signs, whether visible or not, that conveys meaning is considered a document. This includes pencil, ink, typewriting, etc., on paper.
- Documents are classified legally into public and private categories. Public documents are created by public officials for public service, while private documents are created by private individuals without notary involvement.
- Official documents are a subcategory of public documents, issued by public officials in their official capacity.
- Commercial documents are defined by commercial law.
- Questioned documents are those where authorship or authenticity is in doubt.
- Disputed documents are questioned documents with disputes over their content.
Classes of Questioned Documents
- Questioned signatures are on documents like legal papers, checks, deeds, etc.
- Alterations are questioned if the document has fraudulent changes (e.g., additions, erasures, substitutions).
- Holographic documents may be questioned.
- Documents with questioned dates or materials are possible issues.
- Typewritten documents may be suspected of using specific typewriters or with fraudulent alterations.
- Handwriting may be questioned for identification (e.g., ransom notes).
- Genuine documents and applications might be erroneously attacked.
Classes of Disputed Documents
- Forgery is the act of imitating documents with intent to deceive.
- Simple forgery is forging a signature without copying an existing one.
- Traced forgery is replicating a signature by tracing it.
- Simulated/copied forgery is creating a convincing freehand replica.
- Alterations include erasures, obliterations, interlineations, or substitutions.
Questioned Document Examination Subjects
- Handwriting examination (graphology/ graphoanalysis)
- Signature examination
- Anonymous letter examination
- Examination of initials and signatures
- Hand-printed examination
- Ink examination
- Erasure/alteration/obliteration examination
- Typewriting and typeprints examination
- Counterfeiting (detecting fakes)
- Examination of currency
- Examination of documents' materials
- Genuine signature examination
- Determining the age of documents -Examination of seals -Examination of stamps
Questioned Document Experts
- Expertise includes education, training, and experience in questioned documents, legal aspects, and scientific aspects.
Purpose of Questioned Document Examination
- Authenticating documents.
- Determining the document's origin and author.
- Identifying alterations/erasures in documents.
Preliminary Examination Procedures
- Documents are evaluated in a methodical manner by a Questioned Document Expert to determine the presence or absence of any changes or alterations.
Tools/Instruments for Document Examination
- Magnifying lenses
- Shadowgraph
- Stereoscopic binocular microscope
- Table lamps (goose neck lamps)
- Transmitted light gadgets
- Ultraviolet lamps
- Infrared viewers
- Comparison microscopes
Handwriting Identification
- Handwriting is a unique expression of bodily movement.
- Factors affecting handwriting include mechanical factors (instruments, paper), time (change over time), health, and mental health.
- Handwriting identification investigates whether a document's handwriting matches a known standard.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the concept of questioned documents, including definitions and classifications such as public, private, and commercial documents. Participants will learn about the characteristics of questioned signatures and alterations in documentation. Test your knowledge on the intricacies of document examination.
