Cardio

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What is the function of the coronary arteries?

To supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium (correct)
To carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
To remove waste products from the myocardium
To connect the atria to the ventricles

Which layer of the heart is the thickest?

Myocardium (correct)
Pericardium
Endocardium
Epicardium

Which structure serves as the natural pacemaker of the heart?

Atrioventricular (AV) node
Sinoatrial (SA) node (correct)
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers

What does the T wave in an electrocardiogram represent?

Relaxation of the ventricles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of valves found in the heart?

Semilunar and atrioventricular valves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pericardium?

To enclose and protect the heart (A) Signup and view all the answers

What separates the right and left atria of the heart?

Interatrial septum (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Purkinje fibers located?

Within the walls of the ventricles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

To transport oxygen to the tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel is responsible for returning oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

Veins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is measured by blood pressure?

The pressure exerted against artery walls (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during systolic pressure?

The ventricles contract (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is the most common in the body?

Neutrophils (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of plasma is responsible for blood clotting?

Fibrinogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and tissues (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel divides into the internal and external carotid arteries?

Common carotid artery (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the presence of insufficient iron for hemoglobin production?

Iron-deficiency anemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up?

Orthostatic hypotension (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes unstable angina?

Occurs during both exertion and rest (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the procedure used to visualize blood vessels using a contrast medium?

Angiography (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of a myocardial infarction?

Blockage of one or more coronary arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is specifically defined as an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart?

Endocarditis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What medication is used primarily to lower blood pressure?

Antihypertensive (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions involves abnormal hemoglobin leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells?

Sickle cell anemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does cardiomegaly refer to?

Abnormal enlargement of the heart (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a defibrillator?

To restore normal heart rhythm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an established factor causing a heart murmur?

Defective heart valves (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does CABG stand for in cardiovascular-related surgery?

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes bradycardia?

Abnormally slow resting heart rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with reduced hemoglobin and a lower than normal number of red blood cells?

Thalassemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the complete lack of electrical activity in the heart?

Asystole (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is vasculitis characterized by?

Inflammation of blood vessels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What defines a hemangioma?

A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of arteriosclerosis?

Hardening of the arteries due to thickening and loss of elasticity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves the inflammation of a vein?

Phlebitis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during an embolism?

Sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What function do eosinophils primarily serve in the immune system?

Destruction of parasitic organisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

Leukopenia is characterized by which of the following?

Decrease in the number of white blood cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with an abnormally small number of platelets?

Thrombocytopenia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medical specialist would you consult for issues related to blood disorders?

Hematologist (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during a hemorrhage?

Loss of a large amount of blood in a short time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What causes angina pectoris?

Insufficient blood flow to the myocardium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does thrombophlebitis represent?

Blood clot formation with inflammation of a vein (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of thrombocytes in the cardiovascular system?

Clotting blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries?

Coronary artery disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes ischemia?

Insufficient oxygen supply in tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

Basophils are primarily associated with which of the following symptoms?

Allergic responses (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type plays a major role in identifying foreign substances?

Lymphocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Cardiovascular System Components

The heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood, working together to circulate blood throughout the body.

Heart Chambers

The heart has four chambers: two atria (receiving chambers) and two ventricles (pumping chambers).

Heart Valves

Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, mitral/bicuspid, and aortic semilunar valves control blood flow direction and prevent backflow in the heart.