Quasi-experimental Research Design
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Questions and Answers

What is RDD most useful for?

  • Estimating effects for individuals near a threshold (correct)
  • Assigning treatment with clear categorization
  • Studying real-world phenomena
  • Addressing a wide range of potential biases

    • Which of the following best describes external validity?

  • The focus on the accuracy of measurements used in a study
  • The control of confounding factors within a study
  • The ability to apply study results to other groups or settings (correct)
  • The degree to which a study establishes a causal relationship

    • What does internal validity focus on?

  • The natural changes in participants over time
  • The generalization of results to different populations
  • The causal relationship without confounding factors (correct)
  • The reliability of interventions in real-world situations

    • Which of the following is NOT a common threat to internal validity?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a history effect?

    <p>External events occurring during the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bias occurs when participants' characteristics affect group outcomes prior to intervention?

    <p>Selection Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which threat to internal validity involves participants' natural changes over time?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of designs do combination designs seek to enhance?

    <p>Quasi-experimental methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the strengths of using a time series design?

    <p>Provides rich data to understand the effect of interventions over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation is associated with the interrupted time series design?

    <p>Results may be affected by external events coinciding with the intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element represents the treatment in the time series design?

    <p>X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might selection bias be a concern in natural environment studies?

    <p>Pre-existing differences could impact outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a time series design primarily evaluate?

    <p>Gradual or abrupt changes following an intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of an interrupted time series design?

    <p>The intervention occurs at a specific interruption point in time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable strength of using quasi-experimental designs in research?

    <p>High external validity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strength of using a time series design?

    <p>Identifies causal relationships effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the limitation associated with quasi-experimental designs?

    <p>Difficulties in isolating treatment effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of external events on time series design results?

    <p>They can significantly influence the observed trends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a combination design in research aim to achieve?

    <p>Strengthen causal inference by integrating multiple designs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a combination design, what does cross-validation refer to?

    <p>Validating findings through different methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common example provided for comparing educational outcomes in quasi-experimental research?

    <p>Comparison of test scores before and after a tutoring program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology might researchers use to control for biases in a combination design?

    <p>Interruption time series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge associated with implementing combination designs?

    <p>Complexity in execution and analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might researchers be unable to achieve effectively in quasi-experimental designs?

    <p>Controlling for all external variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of a one group post test only design?

    <p>There is no baseline comparison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design is most susceptible to internal validity threats?

    <p>One Group Post Test Only Design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conducting a pretest in a quasi-experimental design?

    <p>To establish a baseline for comparison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following designs does NOT require a treatment group?

    <p>One Group Design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of the one group post test only design?

    <p>No understanding of initial fitness levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would a fitness instructor implement a one group post test only design?

    <p>When assessing the effectiveness of a single workout program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does conducting a post-test involve in a quasi-experimental design?

    <p>Measuring the outcome after the intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) from other experimental designs?

    <p>It assigns treatment based on a specific cutoff or threshold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of statistical analysis in a quasi-experimental design?

    <p>To interpret results and determine the effectiveness of the intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a natural experiment?

    <p>It takes advantage of naturally occurring events for treatment assignment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which limitation is associated with Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD)?

    <p>It can be easily manipulated for biased results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Non-equivalent Control Group Design?

    <p>It lacks randomization when comparing two groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly describes the Interrupted Time Series design?

    <p>It focuses on trends after an intervention is implemented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence does Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) provide?

    <p>Causal evidence primarily for those near the cutoff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best exemplifies the concept of a natural experiment?

    <p>Research observing the impact of a tax policy change on local businesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk in using Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD)?

    <p>Manipulation of cutoff scores for potential gain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to happen to extreme scores on a pretest during subsequent testing?

    <p>They will regress towards the average.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can attrition in a study affect its results?

    <p>It may lead to biased results if dropouts differ from remaining participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is compensatory rivalry in the context of a control group?

    <p>Changes in participants' behavior to compete with the intervention group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of quasi-experiments?

    <p>Potential influence of confounding variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advantage is associated with quasi-experimental designs?

    <p>They are generally less expensive and require fewer resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does diffusion of treatment refer to?

    <p>The spread of intervention effects to the control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of influence does experimenter bias have on a study?

    <p>It may inadvertently impact participants' responses or outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the power of quasi-experiment designs?

    <p>They enable researchers to combine with strict experimental methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Quasi-experimental Research Design

    • Quasi-experimental research resembles experimental research but lacks random assignment of participants to conditions.
    • Researchers manipulate the independent variable, but participants aren't randomly assigned.
    • This design is frequently used in psychology, education, and social sciences.
    • It aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

    Characteristics of Quasi-Experimental Designs

    • Absence of Random Assignment: Groups are pre-existing (e.g., different classrooms, departments).
    • Comparative Analysis: Researchers compare treatment and control groups.
    • Focus on Causality: The goal is to identify causal relationships between variables.
    • Pretest and Posttest Measurements: Data is collected before and after the intervention.
    • Use of Pre-existing or Naturally Formed Groups: Groups pre-exist and aren't randomly assigned.
    • Natural Settings: Research is often conducted in real-world settings.

    Process of Quasi-Experimental Design

    • Define Research Question: Clearly state the goal of the study (e.g., does a new teaching method improve student scores?).
    • Choose Design Type: Select an appropriate quasi-experimental design.
    • Select Groups and Variables: Identify the groups to be compared (e.g., treatment and control groups) and variables to measure.
    • Pretest: Conduct a pretest to establish a baseline for the dependent variable.
    • Implement the Intervention: Apply the intervention to the treatment group.
    • Posttest: Measure the dependent variable in both the treatment and control groups after the intervention.
    • Analyze and Interpret Results: Use statistical methods to analyze the data and draw conclusions.

    Types of Quasi-Experimental Designs

    • One-Group Posttest-Only Design: A single group is observed after an intervention.
    • One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design: A single group is observed before and after an intervention.
    • Non-equivalent Control Group Design: Compares a treatment group with a non-equivalent control group (not randomly assigned).
    • Time Series Design: Measures a dependent variable over an extended period before and after an intervention.
    • Interrupted Time Series Design: A variation of the time series design where an intervention occurs as a significant event.
    • Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD): Assigns treatment based on a cutoff point or threshold, comparing individuals just above and below the cutoff.
    • Natural Experiment: Researchers take advantage of naturally occurring events or interventions.
    • Combination Design: Integrates techniques.

    Internal and External Validity

    • Internal Validity: The degree to which a study establishes a true cause-and-effect relationship, free of other factors.
    • External Validity: The extent to which the study's results can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times.

    Threats to Internal Validity

    • Selection Bias: Differences between groups before the intervention.
    • History Effects: External events influencing the results.
    • Maturation: Natural changes in participants over time.
    • Testing Effects: Repeated testing affecting scores.
    • Instrumentation: Changes in measurement tools affecting results.
    • Regression to the Mean: Extreme scores moving towards average.
    • Attrition (Mortality): Loss of participants during the study.
    • Diffusion of Treatment: Treatment spreading to the control group.
    • Compensatory Rivalry: Control group competing with treatment group.
    • Compensatory Equalization: Control group receiving extra resources.
    • Experimenter Bias: Researchers' expectations influencing results.

    Advantages of Quasi-Experiments

    • Real-world applicability
    • Relatively inexpensive
    • Frequently generalizable

    Disadvantages of Quasi-Experiments

    • Lower internal validity
    • Less control over extraneous variables
    • Potential for confounding variables

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    Related Documents

    Quasi-Experimental Research Design PDF

    Description

    Explore the features and applications of quasi-experimental research design in psychology, education, and social sciences. This quiz covers characteristics like the absence of random assignment and the focus on establishing causal relationships between variables. Test your knowledge on the methods and measurements involved in this research design.

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