Quantum Numbers and Electron Configuration

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following sets of quantum numbers (n, l, ml) is NOT possible for an electron?

  • 3, 2, -2
  • 6, 1, 0
  • 3, 2, -1
  • 3, 2, 1
  • 3, 2, 3 (correct)

Which electronic configuration represents an alkaline earth element?

  • [Rn] 7s² (correct)
  • [Xe] 6s² 4f⁷
  • [Ar] 4s¹ 3d⁵
  • [Ar] 4s² 3d⁴
  • [Xe] 5s² 5p¹

Based on the diagram, what is safe to assume about the emitted photons from levels A, B, and C?

  • Photon C would appear on the bluish side of the emission spectrum.
  • The photon emitted by 'A' would have a longer wavelength than the photon emitted by 'C'.
  • Photon A has the highest energy level drop and would most likely appear red. (correct)
  • The photon emitted by 'B' would be at a higher energy level than 'C'.
  • Photon C has the highest energy level drop and would most likely appear violet.

What is the first energy level (principal quantum number, n) in which f orbitals begin to appear?

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the letter designation (e.g., s, p, d, f) for a subshell?

<p>The value of the secondary (azimuthal) quantum number (l). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which orbital corresponds to a quantum number of l = 2?

<p>B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on its electronic configuration and stability, Molybdenum (Mo) is expected to have a higher than expected what, relative to neighboring elements in the periodic table?

<p>Ionization energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vanadium (V) exhibits +2 and +5 oxidation states. Briefly explain how this is possible with respect to its electron configuration and the s and d orbitals.

<p>Vanadium can lose 2 <em>s</em> electrons to form V²⁺ or lose both <em>s</em> electrons and 3 <em>d</em> electrons to form V⁵⁺</p> Signup and view all the answers

The set of quantum numbers for the second-to-last electron placed in Niobium (Nb) is n = ______, l = ______, ml = ______, and s = ______. (Just provide the four numbers separated by commas.)

<p>4, 2, -2, -1/2</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is impossible for chlorine to form compounds exhibiting a positive oxidation state.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Impossible Quantum Numbers

Quantum numbers that an electron cannot have: n = 3, l = 3, m = 0

Alkaline Earth Element Configuration

The electron configuration [Xe] 6s² 4f⁷ represents an alkaline earth element.

First f Orbital Energy Level

The first energy level to have f orbitals is the 4th energy level (n=4).

Subshell Letter and Quantum Number

The letter for the subshell (s, p, d, f) is determined by the value of the secondary quantum number (l).

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l = 2 Orbital Type

The orbital with a quantum number of l = 2 is the 'd' orbital.

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Study Notes

Multiple Choice Key Points

  • Electron quantum numbers cannot be n = 1, l = 0, ml = 0
  • An alkaline earth element configuration is [Rn] 7s²
  • Key assumptions based on the orbital diagram and photoelectric effect:
  • Photon emitted by "A" has a longer wavelength than the photon emitted by "C"
    • Photon C appears on the bluish side of the emission spectrum
  • The first energy level to fill f orbitals is 4
  • The letter for the subshell is based on the value of the secondary quantum number
  • The orbital with a quantum number of l = 2 is orbital "C"
  • Molybdenum (Mo) is expected to have a higher than expected ionization energy than neighboring elements due to its unusual achieved stability

Thinking Questions

  • Vanadium (V) has +2 and +5 valences
  • Multivalent metals and electron configuration explain this
  • Diagrams of just the s and d shells needed

Communication Questions

  • Need to give the set of quantum numbers for the second last electron placed in Nb
  • Need to provide the full and condensed electron configurations for elements Fe and Rb
  • Need to draw energy level diagrams for the two arrangements of nickel (Ni)
  • Following the aufbau principle
  • Not obeying the aufbau principle

Application Question

  • From grade 10 science, knowledge is needed on the valence of chlorine
  • Need to determine if it is possible for chlorine to have a second valence
  • Need to know which valence of chlorine is more likely observed in naturally-found ionic chlorine compounds

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