Quantum Numbers and Electron Configuration
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Questions and Answers

What does the principal quantum number (n) indicate about an electron in an atom?

  • The spin orientation of the electron
  • The size and energy of the orbital (correct)
  • The shape of the orbital
  • The orientation of the orbital

How does the angular quantum number (l) affect the energy of subshells?

  • l cannot determine the energy level of a subshell.
  • Higher values of l indicate lower energy subshells.
  • Higher values of l correlate with higher energy subshells. (correct)
  • l does not affect the energy of subshells.

According to the Pauli exclusion principle, what can be concluded about electrons in the same orbital?

  • They must have identical spins.
  • They can have the same quantum numbers.
  • They must have opposite spins. (correct)
  • They can only exist in separate atoms.

What is the total number of orbitals present in a p subshell?

<p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the magnetic quantum number (m_l)?

<p>It specifies the orientation of an orbital in space. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of filling orbitals according to the Aufbau principle?

<p>1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the electron configuration for Neon (Ne)?

<p>[He] 2s² 2p⁶ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can the 3d subshell hold?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an electron configuration, paired electrons are represented by which of the following symbols?

<p>One up arrow and one down arrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements has the following valence shell electron configuration: 4s² 4p²?

<p>Germanium (Ge) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the periodic table and electron configurations is true?

<p>Elements in the same column have similar outer shell configurations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following configurations illustrates the principle of minimizing paired electrons during electron filling?

<p>3p with 3 unpaired electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following subshells can contain a maximum of 14 electrons?

<p>4f (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Quantum Numbers

Descriptions of specific properties of an electron in an atom.

Principle Quantum Number (n)

Positive integer, determines electron's energy level and orbital size.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

Electron Configuration

Arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals.

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Aufbau Principle

Electrons fill orbitals with lowest energy first.

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Orbital Filling Order

The order in which electrons fill atomic orbitals, following the Aufbau principle, starting from the lowest energy level.

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What is the Aufbau principle?

The Aufbau principle states that electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy, starting from the lowest energy level. It describes the way electrons are arranged in an atom's electron configuration.

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What does '1s²' represent in electron configuration?

'1s²' indicates two electrons are present in the 1s orbital. The superscript '2' represents the number of electrons in that specific orbital.

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What is an orbital diagram?

A visual representation of electron configuration where orbitals are represented as boxes and electrons are shown as arrows within the boxes.

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What is the significance of Hund's rule?

Hund's rule explains that within a subshell, electrons fill each orbital individually before pairing up in the same orbital.

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What is the 'valence shell' electron configuration?

The electron configuration that only includes the electrons in the outermost energy level, also known as the valence shell.

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What is an abbreviated electron configuration?

A shorthand notation for electron configuration where the filled inner shells are represented by the previous noble gas element in brackets.

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Why is the periodic table useful for predicting electron configurations?

The periodic table's arrangement reflects the filling order of atomic orbitals, allowing you to predict electron configurations by following the table's structure.

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Study Notes

Quantum Numbers

  • Electrons in an atom are described by four quantum numbers.
  • Principle quantum number (n): Positive integer, determines energy and orbital size.
  • Angular quantum number (l): Integer, determines shape of orbital. Values increase with increasing subshells (s<p<d<f).
  • Magnetic quantum number (ml): Integer, determines orientation of orbital in space. Orbitals in a subshell have 2l + 1 orientations.
  • Spin quantum number (ms): +1/2 or -1/2, describes electron spin orientation.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

  • No two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers.
  • Maximum of two electrons in each orbital.

Electron Configuration

  • The arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals.
  • Aufbau principle: Electrons fill orbitals of lowest energy first.
  • Orbital diagram: Visual representation of electron distribution in orbitals using arrows (↑↓) for up and down spins.

Electron Configuration & Periodic Table

  • Main-group elements occupy s and p blocks.
  • Transition elements occupy d block.
  • Inner-transition elements occupy f block.

Abbreviated Electron Configuration

  • Shortened notation using the noble gas core. Brackets around previous noble gas followed by outer electron configuration.
  • Example: Na: [Ne] 3s1

Valence Shell Electron Configuration

  • Electron configuration focusing only on outer shell electrons.
  • Example: Na: 3s1

Unexpected Electron Configurations

  • Some elements have unexpected configurations (e.g., Cr, Cu).
  • Half-filled or completely filled d-orbitals, or half-filled or empty s-orbitals increase stability.
  • Example: Cr: [Ar] 3d5 4s1
  • Example: Cu: [Ar] 3d10 4s1

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of quantum numbers and electron configuration in atoms. This quiz covers the principles that dictate electron arrangement, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and the significance of the periodic table in understanding electron distribution. Test your knowledge of how these concepts are interrelated.

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