5 Questions
What is the shape of an s-orbital?
Spherical
What is the shape of a p-orbital?
Dumb bell
According to Pauli’s exclusion principle, how many electrons can an orbital accommodate?
Two
What is the principle behind Aufbau principle?
Electrons are filled in the orbitals in the increasing order of energy.
When does Hunds rule apply in degenerate orbitals?
When such orbitals are singly occupied
Study Notes
Atomic Orbitals
- The shape of an s-orbital is spherical and symmetrical around the nucleus.
- The shape of a p-orbital is dumbbell-shaped and oriented in a specific direction.
Electron Accommodation
- According to Pauli's Exclusion Principle, an orbital can accommodate a maximum of two electrons.
Aufbau Principle
- The Aufbau Principle states that electrons occupy the lowest available energy states (orbitals) in an atom.
Hund's Rule
- Hund's Rule applies in degenerate orbitals, where electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy in a way that maximizes the total spin.
- It applies when filling degenerate orbitals, where the energy difference between orbitals is zero or very small.
Test your knowledge about quantum mechanics concepts such as orbital shapes, Pauli's exclusion principle, Aufbau principle, and Hunds rule. Learn about the characteristics and rules governing electron configurations in atoms.
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