Quantitative Research Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary focus of a scholarly research report compared to a professional report?

  • Theoretical implications and broader understanding of the topic (correct)
  • Detailed descriptions of practical applications
  • Targeting a general audience rather than professionals
  • An executive summary that is concise and to the point
  • Which component is essential for summarizing a professional research report's findings?

  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Executive summary (correct)
  • Literature review
  • In the context of report writing, what is the significance of providing recommendations?

  • They offer practical steps based on findings to guide decision-making (correct)
  • They ensure the study meets word count requirements
  • They fulfill the theoretical requirement of the report
  • They serve to critique previous research studies
  • What role do hyperlinks play in web-writing?

    <p>Directing readers to relevant resources and additional information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of 'get-to-the-point' style writing in media?

    <p>Employing vivid language to create imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the abstract in a research report?

    <p>To summarize the entire study concisely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a professional research report's executive summary from that of a scholarly report?

    <p>Professional reports emphasize brevity due to time constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component typically found in a professional research report?

    <p>Findings and discussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role is essential for conducting a Focus Group Discussion (FGD)?

    <p>Facilitator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily analyzed to extract meaningful insights from FGD findings?

    <p>Patterns, themes, and concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to conduct focus group discussions in a comfortable and private space?

    <p>To ensure participants feel relaxed and open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for delaying sensitive issues in focus group discussions?

    <p>To build rapport and trust first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with ethnographic research?

    <p>Focus primarily on quantitative data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the ultimate goal of ethnography?

    <p>To develop a thorough understanding of a culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of ethical conduct in ethnographic research?

    <p>Engage informants for personal gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using focus group discussions in research?

    <p>Understanding participant dynamics and emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for including a section on the 'Purpose and significance of research' in a survey introduction?

    <p>To explain why the respondent's participation is important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to state the reason for a respondent's selection in the survey introduction?

    <p>To make the respondent feel valued and included.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of field editing in research?

    <p>To make sure the data is consistent and complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines central editing in data processing?

    <p>The process of ensuring that the data is complete and consistent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a codebook play in data analysis?

    <p>To provide a standardized guide for encoding variables based on the questionnaire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of statistical analysis in research?

    <p>To transform raw data into information that can be used for decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of data types, what kind of data does the variable 'Verbatim Answer' refer to?

    <p>Qualitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is NOT a reason why exploratory data analysis is important?

    <p>To create a detailed hypothesis for testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Quantitative Research Advantages

    • Data easily summarized and utilized
    • Standardized data generating process
    • Standardized measurement process

    Quantitative Research Instruments

    • Designed to capture objective experiences
    • Carefully crafted and standardized
    • Not typically unstructured and flexible
    • Not designed to explore diverse perspectives

    Questionnaires

    • Summarized into frequencies
    • Allows for quantitative measures
    • Useful for respondent location identification
    • Not used to infer about entire populations

    Standardized Data Collection

    • Main advantage is consistent data collection
    • Helps eliminate bias
    • Enables accurate analysis

    Ratio Variable Examples

    • Rice yield
    • Amount of credit
    • Household income
    • Household expenditure

    Ratio Level Measurement

    • Possesses an absolute zero point
    • Can be converted to lower measurement levels
    • Possesses all properties of lower-level measures
    • Equal measurement units

    Nominal Level Measurement

    • Groups categorized without graduation
    • Comparison among groups allows for a basic comparison
    • Provides the least information among measurement levels
    • Not based on a common or constant measurement unit

    Ordinal vs. Interval

    • Ordinal allows ranking but interval does not.
    • Interval based on equal intervals, ordinal does not.
    • Interval level has an absolute zero point, ordinal does not.

    Data Collection Methods

    • Census
    • Sample Survey
    • Family Income and Expenditure Survey
    • Annual Poverty Indicator Survey

    Probability vs. Non-probability

    • Probability sampling uses known probability in selection.
    • Non-probability sampling does not.
    • Probability sampling is generally more expensive but usually more accurate than non-probability selection.
    • Probability is preferred when the population is known and non-probability is used when the population is unknown or uncertain.

    Sampling Frame

    • A list of all units in the population.
    • A list of all possible samples.
    • A list of all sampling techniques.
    • A list of all sampling domains.

    Sampling Strategies

    • Simple random sampling
    • Stratified random sampling
    • Quota sampling
    • Systematic sampling

    Simple Random Sampling

    • Not useful for heterogeneous populations.
    • Useful with homogeneous, well-defined populations.

    Stratification

    • Sample is representative of the population
    • Simplifies data collection
    • More accurate estimate of population characteristics
    • Minimizes sampling bias

    Cluster Sampling

    • Cost-effective for large populations spread over areas
    • Simplifies area to area data collection and analysis
    • Reduces sampling bias

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in quantitative research, including advantages, instruments, and measurement levels. It focuses on topics such as standardized data collection and ratio variables, providing a solid foundation for understanding quantitative methodologies.

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