Quantitative Research Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary focus of a scholarly research report compared to a professional report?

Theoretical implications and broader understanding of the topic (correct)

Detailed descriptions of practical applications

Targeting a general audience rather than professionals

An executive summary that is concise and to the point

Which component is essential for summarizing a professional research report's findings?

Abstract

Introduction

Executive summary (correct)

Literature review

In the context of report writing, what is the significance of providing recommendations?

They offer practical steps based on findings to guide decision-making (correct)

They ensure the study meets word count requirements

They fulfill the theoretical requirement of the report

They serve to critique previous research studies

What role do hyperlinks play in web-writing?

Directing readers to relevant resources and additional information Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of 'get-to-the-point' style writing in media?

Employing vivid language to create imagery Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the abstract in a research report?

To summarize the entire study concisely Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a professional research report's executive summary from that of a scholarly report?

Professional reports emphasize brevity due to time constraints Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component typically found in a professional research report?

Findings and discussion Signup and view all the answers

Which role is essential for conducting a Focus Group Discussion (FGD)?

Facilitator Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily analyzed to extract meaningful insights from FGD findings?

Patterns, themes, and concepts Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to conduct focus group discussions in a comfortable and private space?

To ensure participants feel relaxed and open Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for delaying sensitive issues in focus group discussions?

To build rapport and trust first Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with ethnographic research?

Focus primarily on quantitative data collection Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the ultimate goal of ethnography?

To develop a thorough understanding of a culture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of ethical conduct in ethnographic research?

Engage informants for personal gain Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using focus group discussions in research?

Understanding participant dynamics and emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for including a section on the 'Purpose and significance of research' in a survey introduction?

To explain why the respondent's participation is important. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to state the reason for a respondent's selection in the survey introduction?

To make the respondent feel valued and included. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of field editing in research?

To make sure the data is consistent and complete. Signup and view all the answers

What defines central editing in data processing?

The process of ensuring that the data is complete and consistent. Signup and view all the answers

What role does a codebook play in data analysis?

To provide a standardized guide for encoding variables based on the questionnaire. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of statistical analysis in research?

To transform raw data into information that can be used for decision-making. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of data types, what kind of data does the variable 'Verbatim Answer' refer to?

Qualitative Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is NOT a reason why exploratory data analysis is important?

To create a detailed hypothesis for testing. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Quantitative Research Advantages

Data easily summarized and utilized
Standardized data generating process
Standardized measurement process

Quantitative Research Instruments

Designed to capture objective experiences
Carefully crafted and standardized
Not typically unstructured and flexible
Not designed to explore diverse perspectives

Questionnaires

Summarized into frequencies
Allows for quantitative measures
Useful for respondent location identification
Not used to infer about entire populations

Standardized Data Collection

Main advantage is consistent data collection
Helps eliminate bias
Enables accurate analysis

Ratio Variable Examples

Rice yield
Amount of credit
Household income
Household expenditure

Ratio Level Measurement

Possesses an absolute zero point
Can be converted to lower measurement levels
Possesses all properties of lower-level measures
Equal measurement units

Nominal Level Measurement

Groups categorized without graduation
Comparison among groups allows for a basic comparison
Provides the least information among measurement levels
Not based on a common or constant measurement unit

Ordinal vs. Interval

Ordinal allows ranking but interval does not.
Interval based on equal intervals, ordinal does not.
Interval level has an absolute zero point, ordinal does not.

Data Collection Methods

Census
Sample Survey
Family Income and Expenditure Survey
Annual Poverty Indicator Survey

Probability vs. Non-probability

Probability sampling uses known probability in selection.
Non-probability sampling does not.
Probability sampling is generally more expensive but usually more accurate than non-probability selection.
Probability is preferred when the population is known and non-probability is used when the population is unknown or uncertain.

Sampling Frame

A list of all units in the population.
A list of all possible samples.
A list of all sampling techniques.
A list of all sampling domains.

Sampling Strategies

Simple random sampling
Stratified random sampling
Quota sampling
Systematic sampling

Simple Random Sampling

Not useful for heterogeneous populations.
Useful with homogeneous, well-defined populations.

Stratification

Sample is representative of the population
Simplifies data collection
More accurate estimate of population characteristics
Minimizes sampling bias

Cluster Sampling

Cost-effective for large populations spread over areas
Simplifies area to area data collection and analysis
Reduces sampling bias

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in quantitative research, including advantages, instruments, and measurement levels. It focuses on topics such as standardized data collection and ratio variables, providing a solid foundation for understanding quantitative methodologies.