Quantitative Research Basics

Quantitative Research: Definition and Characteristics

• Defined as research that uses measurable and statistically analyzed data to examine observable phenomena.
• Data must be numerical and quantifiable to facilitate analysis.
• Characteristics include:
  • Large sample size for reliability.
  • Objectivity to minimize bias.
  • Concise visual presentation for clarity.
  • Fast data analysis contributes to efficiency.
  • Generalized data allows for broader applications.
  • Rapid and straightforward data collection process.
  • High replicability ensures findings can be repeated.

Research Framework

• Steps to conduct quantitative research:
  • Identify the idea and formulate a research question.
  • Outline specific aims and objectives.
  • Conduct a literature review for background information.
  • Select appropriate methodology for investigation.
  • Develop methods for data collection.
  • Gather data systematically.
  • Analyze the collected data.
  • Draw conclusions from the analysis.
  • Complete the thesis and report writing.

Importance of Quantitative Research

• Essential in humanities studies for understanding human behavior and societal issues.
• Aids in uncovering unknown factors and addressing underlying conditions.
• Contributes meaningful solutions to real-world problems.
• Influences leaders and lawmakers in decision-making and law formation.
• Drives innovation and invention based on research findings.

Kinds of Quantitative Research

• Descriptive Research Design:

  • Describes phenomena without starting with a hypothesis.
  • Example: Investigating types and frequency of physical activities among students during quarantine.

• Correlational Research Design:

  • Examines relationships between variables without implying cause and effect.
  • Example: Analyzing the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement.

• Ex Post Facto Research Design:

  • Studies relationships between past events and current conditions.
  • Example: Assessing how parents' academic achievements affect children's obesity.

• Experimental Research Design:

  • Establishes cause and effect between two or more variables through experimental manipulation.
  • Example: Comparing different blended learning methods on elementary reading comprehension.

• Quasi-Experimental Research Design:

  • Investigates cause and effect with lesser validity due to non-random selection.
  • Compares experimental groups to control groups without manipulating the independent variable.
  • Example: Effects of unemployment on attitudes towards safety protocols.

Variables: Definition and Types

• Variables represent values that are not yet determined and can take multiple forms (quantitative or qualitative).
• Types of Variables:
  • Continuous Variable: Can take an infinite number of values within a range and can be divided (e.g., age, height, temperature).
    • Interval Variable: No absolute zero, e.g., temperature.
    • Ratio Variable: Has an absolute zero, e.g., distance, profits.
  • Discrete Variable: Finite, distinct values that cannot be divided (e.g., blood group).
    • Nominal Variable: No inherent order, e.g., eye color, religion.
    • Ordinal Variable: Ordered categories from smallest to greatest, e.g., ranking.

This quiz explores the fundamentals of quantitative research, including its definition, characteristics, and importance. It covers essential concepts such as variables and hypothesis formulation, alongside guidelines for APA 7th Edition citation. Test your understanding of the different kinds of quantitative research and their applications.