Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a potential limitation of secondary data, as described in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a potential limitation of secondary data, as described in the text?
Why are validated survey instruments considered more reliable and accurate than non-validated ones?
Why are validated survey instruments considered more reliable and accurate than non-validated ones?
Which of the following is a key principle to consider when evaluating the quality of secondary data?
Which of the following is a key principle to consider when evaluating the quality of secondary data?
The Financial Behaviour Scale (Shim, Xiao, Barber, & Lyons, 2009) is described as a validated survey instrument. What does this imply for the research using this scale?
The Financial Behaviour Scale (Shim, Xiao, Barber, & Lyons, 2009) is described as a validated survey instrument. What does this imply for the research using this scale?
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Identify the key factor that distinguishes the research study of Ball and Shivakumar (on stock option expensing) from the research concerning Taylor Swift's music influence.
Identify the key factor that distinguishes the research study of Ball and Shivakumar (on stock option expensing) from the research concerning Taylor Swift's music influence.
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Which of the following is NOT a significant advantage of utilizing electronic data collection methods?
Which of the following is NOT a significant advantage of utilizing electronic data collection methods?
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What is the PRIMARY purpose of conducting longitudinal studies?
What is the PRIMARY purpose of conducting longitudinal studies?
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Which of the following limitations is MOST SPECIFICALLY associated with utilizing public records and archives for research?
Which of the following limitations is MOST SPECIFICALLY associated with utilizing public records and archives for research?
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Compared to laboratory settings, which RESEARCH PRINCIPLE is PARTICULARLY important to consider when collecting data in real-world settings?
Compared to laboratory settings, which RESEARCH PRINCIPLE is PARTICULARLY important to consider when collecting data in real-world settings?
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Which scenario BEST ILLUSTRATES an example of passive data collection utilizing electronic methods?
Which scenario BEST ILLUSTRATES an example of passive data collection utilizing electronic methods?
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Which of the following is a POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGE of relying primarily on official statistics for research?
Which of the following is a POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGE of relying primarily on official statistics for research?
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Which of the following research questions would be BEST ADDRESSED using secondary data from academic, corporate, and NGO research?
Which of the following research questions would be BEST ADDRESSED using secondary data from academic, corporate, and NGO research?
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Which of the following is a KEY DISTINCTION between longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies?
Which of the following is a KEY DISTINCTION between longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies?
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Which of the following is a limitation of surveys and questionnaires?
Which of the following is a limitation of surveys and questionnaires?
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What is a significant advantage of structured interviews compared to surveys?
What is a significant advantage of structured interviews compared to surveys?
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What type of research method involves systematically recording behaviors or occurrences?
What type of research method involves systematically recording behaviors or occurrences?
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Which of the following is often a challenge in observational research?
Which of the following is often a challenge in observational research?
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Experiments are particularly useful for establishing what?
Experiments are particularly useful for establishing what?
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What is a potential downside to conducting structured interviews?
What is a potential downside to conducting structured interviews?
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What factor can alter participants' behavior in observational research?
What factor can alter participants' behavior in observational research?
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Which method is described as having higher response rates compared to typical surveys?
Which method is described as having higher response rates compared to typical surveys?
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What is one advantage of using online databases and data repositories?
What is one advantage of using online databases and data repositories?
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What is a key limitation of commercial data providers?
What is a key limitation of commercial data providers?
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What is a notable disadvantage of secondary data collection through literature reviews?
What is a notable disadvantage of secondary data collection through literature reviews?
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What potential bias could arise from using specialized datasets?
What potential bias could arise from using specialized datasets?
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Which characteristic of media sources limits their effectiveness as a data collection method?
Which characteristic of media sources limits their effectiveness as a data collection method?
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What is a common drawback of accessing specialized datasets and analyses?
What is a common drawback of accessing specialized datasets and analyses?
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Why might researchers prefer literature reviews over raw data collection?
Why might researchers prefer literature reviews over raw data collection?
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What type of datasets are known for being comprehensive but potentially costly?
What type of datasets are known for being comprehensive but potentially costly?
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Study Notes
Quantitative Data Collection Lecture 3
- Lecture presented by Dr Owen Hogan
- Focuses on different methods of collecting quantitative data
Overview of Data Collection Methods
- Primary data collection: Surveying, Experimental,
- Secondary data collection: Data mining, Case studies
Primary Data Collection - Surveys and Questionnaires
- Common tool for quantitative data
- Series of questions, delivered in person, by mail, online, or phone
- Collect data on a diverse range of topics (opinions, behaviors, preferences, demographics)
- Cost-effective, Large audience reached, Standardized responses (easy to quantify)
- Disadvantages: Low response rates, potential for response bias, limited depth of information
Primary Data Collection - Structured Interviews
- Involves asking each participant the same questions in a one-on-one setting
- Follows a strict interview script for consistency
- Useful when more interaction is needed than a survey
- Advantages: Higher response rates than surveys, misunderstandings can be clarified, controlled environment
- Disadvantages: Time-consuming, expensive, potential interviewer bias
Primary Data Collection - Observations
- Systematically recording behaviors/occurrences without direct interaction
- Structured and observer counts/rates specific behaviors
- Suitable for behaviors, processes, or events in natural settings
- Less biased by self-reporting issues
- Potential for observer bias (Hawthorne effect)
Primary Data Collection - Experiments
- Manipulate one or more independent variables to determine their effect on dependent variables
- Often involves control groups and random assignments
- Establishes causal relationships between variables
- Advantages: High level of control, determines causality
- Disadvantages: Laboratory settings may not reflect real-world conditions, ethical and practical limitations to what can be manipulated
Primary Data Collection - Longitudinal Studies
- Collect data from the same subjects repeatedly over time (weeks, months, years, decades)
- Track changes, identify patterns, trends, and long-term changes
- Establish sequences of events
- Disadvantages: Time-consuming, expensive, potentially high risk of participant drop-outs
Primary Data Collection - Electronic Data Collection
- Use of digital tools (mobile apps, wearable devices, online analytics tools)
- Collect real-time data, large datasets, or data difficult to capture through traditional methods
- Advantages: Large data volumes with minimal effort, real-time data collection, less prone to self-report bias
- Disadvantages: Privacy concerns, reliance on technology, potential data overload
Secondary Data Collection - Public Records and Archives
- Data collected and maintained by governmental agencies, organizations, and institutions (census data, birth records, legal documents)
- Useful for demographic studies, historical research, and policy analysis
- Advantages: Comprehensive datasets, covering extensive periods and large populations, typically reliable
- Disadvantages: May not be tailored to specific research needs, accessing records can be challenging, potential privacy concerns, bureaucratic hurdles
Secondary Data Collection - Official Statistics
- Published by government agencies and international organizations (employment rates, GDP figures, health statistics, education outcomes)
- Useful for macro-level studies (economics, sociology, public health, education)
- High reliability, generally freely available, wide range of topics
- Disadvantages: May not be granular; release frequencies may not match research timelines
Secondary Data Collection - Academic, Corporate, & NGO Research
- Research findings, datasets, and reports from academic institutions, corporations, and NGOs
- Access specialized datasets; often high-quality and subject-specific data
- Costly; may require purchase subscriptions
- Potential biases depending on the source, data specificity might limit broader applicability
Secondary Data Collection - Online Databases and Data Repositories
- Online platforms for storing, cataloging, and accessing datasets
- Google Public Data Explorer; World Bank Data, ICPSR, etc
- Access a wide array of datasets across different fields and subjects
- Improves data analysis efficiency with search and analysis tools
- Disadvantages: Data quality & relevance can vary widely, requires digital literacy to navigate and analyze.
Secondary Data Collection - Commercial Data Providers
- Companies collecting and selling data specialized in particular industries (consumer behavior, media consumption, finance)
- Provides access to high-quality, specialized datasets not publicly available
- Useful for market research, financial analysis
- Disadvantages: Can be very expensive, potential issues with data privacy and ethics
Secondary Data Collection - Literature Reviews
- Comprehensive reviews of existing academic literature, research reports, and publications
- Synthesize and analyze data from multiple studies, providing a broad understanding of a research area
- Advantages: Wide perspective, efficient use of existing data
- Disadvantages: Time-consuming, requires quality & relevance of selected studies, potential publication bias.
Secondary Data Collection - Media Sources
- Information and data from news outlets, magazines, broadcast media, and digital news platforms
- Contemporary and historical data on public opinions, trends, events
- Advantages: Easily accessible, provides insights into public opinion and social trends
- Disadvantages: Potential bias, varying accuracy; may require extensive processing for quantitative analyses.
Validated Survey Instruments
- Undergo rigorous testing for consistency and stability; measure constructs accurately
- Validated against established criteria
- Examples: Financial Behavior Scale (Shim, Xiao, Barber, & Lyons, 2009)
Non-Validated Survey Instruments
- May lack reliability and validity, leading to inaccurate measurements.
- Acknowledge limitations and potential biases in methodology
- Thoroughly described methodology to assess survey robustness
Class Activity - Constructing a Survey
- RQ: Impact of Taylor Swift's music on students' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects and academic well-being
- Validated Survey Instrument: Music Impact Rating Scale (Hays & Minichiello, 2005)
- Google Form Link provided
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Description
This lecture by Dr. Owen Hogan explores various methods for collecting quantitative data, focusing on primary and secondary data collection techniques. It delves into surveys, structured interviews, and their advantages and disadvantages, providing a thorough understanding of quantitative research methods.
