Quality Control Terminology

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Questions and Answers

______ Controls use measured values from individuals with normal lung function.

Biological

______ is the ability of an instrument to accurately measure the same values under changed conditions.

Repeatability

______ refers to the ability of an instrument to reproduce a known value.

Accuracy

______ is the agency that develops standards of quality for health care organizations; Voluntary but VERY important.

<p>The Joint Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is the number used to compensate for errors of measurements.

<p>Correction Factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is a federal agency responsible for Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

<p>OSHA</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is the ability of an instrument to accurately measure the same values over a short period of time.

<p>Precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ refers to a series of measurements over the clinically significant or physiologic range.

<p>Linearity</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ refers to the ability of an instrument to accurately measure the same values under changed conditions.

<p>Repeatability</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ stands for Health and Human Services.

<p>HHS</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ stands for National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

<p>NIOSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of a piece of equipment to produce similar results when a known value is repeatedly introduced is known as ______.

<p>Reproducibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ensuring high quality in biological testing involves using ______ ______ from individuals with normal lung function.

<p>biological controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ ______ is applied to measurement data to minimize systematic errors and enhance accuracy.

<p>correction factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before market release, medical devices must demonstrate ______, which ensures that consistent measurements are obtained under varying conditions.

<p>repeatability</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organization seeking accreditation may undergo a rigorous evaluation by ______ ______ to establish its safety and quality standards.

<p>The Joint Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

The agency that provides oversight to standards and practices of employee safety is the ______

<p>OSHA</p> Signup and view all the answers

To measure with accuracy, instruments must first show a high leve of ______, for consistent measurements over a short duration.

<p>precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

A drug's ______ in therapeutic effect can be assessed by monitoring responses across a biologically relevant spectrum.

<p>linearity</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is an essential component of the US Department of Health and Human Services, playing a vital role in health governance and programming.

<p>HHS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of statistical errors with their definitions:

<p>Type I error = Rejecting a true null hypothesis. Type II error = Failing to reject a false null hypothesis. Random error = Error that varies unpredictably. Systematic error = Error that is consistently biased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hypothesis testing concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Null hypothesis = A statement of no effect or no difference. Alternative hypothesis = A statement that contradicts the null hypothesis. P-value = The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the results actually observed during the test, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct. Significance level = The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following data visualization types with their appropriate uses:

<p>Scatter plot = Examines the relationship between two continuous variables. Bar chart = Compares categorical data using rectangular bars. Histogram = Displays the distribution of a single continuous variable. Pie chart = Shows parts of a whole for categorical data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statistical distributions with examples of when to use them:

<p>Normal distribution = Modeling heights of adults. Binomial distribution = Modeling the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials. Poisson distribution = Modeling number of events in a fixed interval of time or space. Exponential distribution = Modeling the time until an event occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts from probability theory with their definitions:

<p>Conditional probability = The probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. Independent events = Two events are independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the other. Mutually exclusive events = Events that cannot occur at the same time. Bayes' theorem = Describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match these types of data with their descriptions:

<p>Nominal data = Categories without any order or ranking. Ordinal data = Categories with a meaningful order or ranking. Interval data = Data with consistent intervals, but no true zero point. Ratio data = Data with consistent intervals and a true zero point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following measures of central tendency with their definitions:

<p>Mean = The average of a dataset. Median = The middle value when a dataset is ordered. Mode = The most frequently occurring value in a dataset. Range = The difference between the largest and smallest values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sampling methods with their descriptions:

<p>Simple random sampling = Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Stratified sampling = The population is divided into subgroups and samples are taken from each subgroup. Cluster sampling = The population is divided into clusters then random clusters are selected. Convenience sampling = Samples are selected based on availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the statistical analysis with a scenario where it is used:

<p>T-test = Compare means of two groups. ANOVA = Analyze variance among multiple groups. Regression = Model relationship between an independent and dependent variable. Chi-square test = Analyze categorical data for independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their corresponding definitions regarding study design:

<p>Randomized controlled trial = Study design that randomly assigns participants into a control group or experimental group. Cohort study = Observational study that follows a group of people over time. Case-control study = Observational study that compares people with a specific condition (cases) to people who do not have the condition (controls). Cross-sectional study = Observational study that surveys a population at a single point in time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following quality control tools with their descriptions:

<p>Check sheet = A structured form for collecting and analyzing data. Control chart = A graph used to study how a process changes over time. Pareto chart = A type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line. Fishbone diagram = A visual tool for categorizing the potential causes of a problem in order to identify its root causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each programming construct with its function:

<p>Loop = Repeatedly executes a block of code. Conditional statement = Executes code based on a condition. Function = Reusable block of code that performs a specific task. Variable = Stores data values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of data analysis with its purpose:

<p>Descriptive analysis = Summarizing the main features of a dataset. Inferential analysis = Drawing conclusions about a population based on a sample. Predictive analysis = Using data to forecast future outcomes. Prescriptive analysis = Recommending actions based on data-driven insights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each database concept with its definition:

<p>Primary key = A unique identifier for each record in a table. Foreign key = A field in one table that refers to the primary key of another table. Index = A data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval. SQL query = A request for data or action performed on a database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its definition related to web development:

<p>HTML = Markup language for creating web pages. CSS = Style sheet language for designing web pages. JavaScript = Programming language for creating interactive web pages. API = Interface that allows different software systems to communicate with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cloud computing service models with descriptions :

<p>IaaS = Provides access to computing infrastructure such as virtual machines. PaaS = Provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure. SaaS = Provides software through the internet with users subscribing to the software rather than purchasing it. FaaS = Allows developers to execute code in response to events without managing servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts with descriptions about network security:

<p>Firewall = Controls network traffic based on pre-defined security rules. VPN = Creates a secure, encrypted connection over a less secure network. Authentication = Verifies the identity of a user, device, or other entity in a computer system, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in a system. Encryption = Secures data by converting it into an unreadable format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each data structure with its characteristics:

<p>Array = A series of elements of the same type placed in contiguous memory locations that can be individually referenced by adding an index to a base value. Linked list = A linear collection of data elements whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory. Instead, each element points to the next. Hash table = A table that uses a hash function to compute an index into an array of buckets or slots, from which the desired value can be looked up. Tree = A widely used abstract data type that represents a hierarchical tree structure with a set of connected nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the optimization algorithms with how they are used:

<p>Gradient descent = Iteratively adjusts parameters to minimize a function. Genetic algorithm = Uses principles of evolution to find the optimal solution. Simulated annealing = Probabilistically transitions between states to find the global optimum. Linear programming = Optimizes a linear objective function subject to linear constraints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biological Controls

Using measured values from individuals with normal lung function.

Reproducibility

Ability of an instrument to accurately measure the same values under changed conditions.

HHS

Health and Human Services

NIOSH

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Signup and view all the flashcards

Correction Factor

Number used to compensate for errors of measurements

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Joint Commission

Agency that develops standards of quality for health care organizations; Voluntary but VERY important

Signup and view all the flashcards

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Signup and view all the flashcards

Accuracy

Ability of a piece of equipment to produce similar results when a known value is repeatedly introduced

Signup and view all the flashcards

Linearity

A series of measurements over the clinically significant or physiologic range

Signup and view all the flashcards

Precision

Ability of an instrument to reproduce a known value

Signup and view all the flashcards

Repeatability

Ability of an instrument to accurately measure the same values over a short period of time

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Biological Controls

  • Use measured values from individuals with normal lung function.

Reproducibility

  • An instrument's ability to accurately meausre the same values under changed conditions.

HHS

  • Health and Human Services.

NIOSH

  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

Correction Factor

  • Number used to compensate for errors of measurements.

The Joint Commission

  • An agency that develops standards of quality for health care organizations.

OSHA

  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Accuracy

  • A piece of equipment's ability to produce similar results when a known value is repeatedly introduced.

Linearity

  • A series of measurements over the clinically significant or physiologic range.

Precision

  • An instrument's ability to reproduce a known value.

Repeatability

  • An instrument's ability to accurately measure the same values over a short period of time.

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