Quality Control Chapter 13 Review

Questions and Answers

What is sampling?

The process of collecting a representative portion of a material for analysis.

What is the purpose of an analyzer?

To measure physical and/or chemical compositions of materials.

What are specifications or specs?

Quality limitations for a product/product purity parameters that have been agreed on by the company and the customers or regulated by governmental agencies.

(True or False) Different customers may have different physical and chemical requirements or specifications for product purity.

True Signup and view all the answers

What are two critical factors in the way samples are collected?

Reliable results and personnel safety. Signup and view all the answers

How are most samples collected?

From in-service equipment. Signup and view all the answers

Samples that may contain flammable or explosive compounds may need to be _________________________.

electrically grounded sample containers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a short section of small diameter-valved tubing that extends from the main process piping system to allow collection of samples?

A sample point. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a continuous circulation of the process liquid or gas from a higher-pressure source to a lower-pressure return, to ensure capture of a representative sample?

Sample loop. Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to provide the online analyzer with a current sample of the process?

Continuous circulation of the process stream. Signup and view all the answers

What could cause a cryogenic burn?

Material at a very low temperature in contact with the skin. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a fire resistant fabric.

Nomex. Signup and view all the answers

How does any airline respirator system operate?

The air to the user's face mask is supplied through a hose that is connected remotely to breathing air cylinders located out of the hazard zone. Signup and view all the answers

Why would a collected gas sample that was exposed to the outside atmosphere prior to testing be a problem?

It would be contaminated and the sample would be useless. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to designate a sample that is usually collected automatically but has instead been collected manually?

Grab sample. Signup and view all the answers

How are small sample amounts often collected to create the composite sample?

Often collected over a period of time in a time-lapse manner. Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Saybolt Scale?

ASTM International Color scale. Signup and view all the answers

What does a gas chromatography consist of?

An oven, column, autosampler, and detector. Signup and view all the answers

General Electric's Panametric is an example of instruments whose primary use is _____________________________________________.

To measure gas flow to the flare, determining the mass flow rate, and molecular weight. Signup and view all the answers

In applying the Saybolt color scale, what does a water-white or clear color represent?

High Quality. Signup and view all the answers

A device used to measure physical and/or chemical composition of materials is known as ______________________________.

Analyzer. Signup and view all the answers

Air tight containers would be used to collect samples with _______________________________.

Harmful vapors. Signup and view all the answers

In addition to being important for reliability of data, why else is following correct sampling procedures important?

For safety of personnel. Signup and view all the answers

When will SCBA typically be selected when working in hazardous environments?

Whenever short term use is anticipated (30-60 min tank capacity) or when obstructions to movement of a hose may be encountered. Signup and view all the answers

What information is not usually included on a sample label?

The interpretation of the test results. Signup and view all the answers

BS & W (Basic sediment and water) test involves the use of a __________________________.

Centrifuge. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sampling and Analysis

Sampling is the process of collecting a representative portion of a material for analysis.
An analyzer measures the physical and/or chemical compositions of materials.
Quality specifications are the purity parameters agreed upon by companies and customers or regulated by governmental agencies.

Product Specifications

Different customers may have varying physical and chemical requirements for product purity, affirming that product specifications are not universal.
Two critical factors in sample collection include ensuring reliable results and protecting personnel safety.

Sample Collection Techniques

Most samples are collected from in-service equipment, ensuring real-time data.
When dealing with potentially flammable or explosive substances, samples should be collected in electrically grounded sample containers.
A sample point refers to a small diameter-valved tubing section that connects the main process piping system to facilitate sample collection.
A sample loop allows for continuous circulation of process liquid or gas to ensure a representative sample is captured.

Analyzer Functionality

To provide a current sample of the process, a continuous circulation of the process stream is essential for the online analyzer.
Cryogenic burns can occur when material at very low temperatures comes into contact with the skin.

Safety Equipment

Nomex is an example of a fire-resistant fabric used in safety gear.
Airline respirator systems deliver breathing air through a hose connected to cylinders located outside hazardous areas, ensuring user safety.

Sampling Integrity

If a gas sample is exposed to outside atmosphere before testing, it may become contaminated, rendering it useless.
A grab sample is manually collected instead of automatically, overstating how such samples differ from regular collection methods.
Small sample amounts are often collected over time to create a composite sample, yielding a more representative view than a single sample.

Analytical Techniques

The ASTM International Color scale is also known as the Saybolt Scale, used for color assessment in various industries.
Gas chromatography consists of components such as an oven, column, autosampler, and detector, providing detailed analysis of gas composition.
Instruments like General Electric's Panametric measure gas flow, mass flow rate, and molecular weight.

Importance of Data Collection

A water-white or clear color in the Saybolt color scale indicates high quality.
An analyzer is a device specifically designed to measure the physical and/or chemical composition of materials.
Airtight containers are necessary for collecting samples that may contain harmful vapors to ensure safety.
Following correct sampling procedures is crucial not only for data reliability but also for safety of personnel.

Equipment Selection

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) is typically selected for short-term use in hazardous environments, especially when equipment capacity is limited or hose movement could be obstructed.
Sample labels generally do not include information related to the interpretation of test results, focusing instead on essential identifiers for handling and processing.
The centrifuge is a key instrument used in BS & W (Basic Sediment and Water) tests, facilitating the separation of different components in a sample.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Chapter 13 on quality control, focusing on sampling methods, analyzers, and product specifications. Test your understanding of these important topics in quality assurance.