Quality Assurance in Healthcare
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary focus of Quality Assurance (QA) as defined in the provided material?

  • Improving patient outcomes through ongoing changes.
  • Maximizing resource use and avoiding waste in healthcare delivery.
  • Taking into account the preferences and cultural background of individual service users.
  • Conforming to specifications and meeting predefined standards. (correct)

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) primarily involves healthcare professionals implementing changes to enhance system performance; patients and their families are not considered essential participants.

False (B)

Name three of the six aspects of quality defined in the reading.

Safe, Effective, Timely

Delivering health care that maximizes resource use and avoids waste is defined as being ________.

<p>efficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT included in the definitions of quality health care?

<p>Economic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the quality dimension with its corresponding description:

<p>Safe = Minimizes risks and harm to service users. Effective = Providing services based on scientific knowledge. Timely = Reducing delays in providing and receiving healthcare. Equitable = Delivering healthcare without differing in quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hospital implements a new protocol to reduce post-operative infections. After several months, data shows a significant decrease in infection rates. Which aspect of quality is most directly demonstrated by this improvement?

<p>Safety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Continuous Quality Improvement in health care focuses solely on improving clinical outcomes and disregards the importance of patients preferences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) as implemented in an organization?

<p>Sporadic, isolated improvement projects without organizational alignment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI), the application of statistical process control is discouraged due to its complexity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three elements used in Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI).

<p>Philosophical, Structural, and Health Care-Specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key aspect of societal learning in Continuous Quality Improvement is that concern for quality and cost is a matter of ______.

<p>public policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of Continuous Quality Improvement with their corresponding focus:

<p>Customer Focus = Prioritizing the needs and experiences of patients/clients System Focus = Understanding and improving the overall organizational processes Measurement and Decision Making = Using data to inform improvements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of institutional improvement within Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)?

<p>Organizational Learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The terms Total Quality Management (TQM), Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI), and Quality Improvement (QI) refer to completely different quality improvement approaches and are not related.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following personnel policies would best support staff participation in process improvement, a key component of Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)?

<p>Incentives and recognition for staff contributions to process improvement teams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary shift in organizational thinking represented by the transition from Total Quality Management (TQM) to Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)?

<p>A fundamental change in how organizations recognize the importance of ongoing learning, improvements and involvement at all levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the contributions of Japanese Quality Engineers, quality improvement should primarily be the responsibility of management, not requiring total participation from all members of an organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of CQI, how should the relationship between successive steps in a process be viewed?

<p>Each step is both a customer and a supplier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key aspect of Continuous Quality Improvement involves participative teams, often beginning with so-called 'quality ______'.

<p>circles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contribution of Japanese quality engineers to CQI?

<p>Focusing solely on upper management involvement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of CQI with their respective functions:

<p>Philosophy = Provides guiding principles and values. Process = Offers structured methodologies for improvement. Tools = Supplies techniques for data analysis and problem-solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Shewart (PDSA) cycle, what action follows the 'Study' phase?

<p>Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the PDSA cycle, the 'Do' phase involves large-scale implementation of a change before testing it on a small scale.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the shift in Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) as it evolved across sectors of healthcare?

<p>From a concern solely with hospital settings to encompass all segments of the healthcare system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'Big Bang' in the context of CQI refers to the moment when quality improvement became solely a managerial tactic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of transitioning from industrialization to personalization, what is a key characteristic of 'craft' that contributes to improvements?

<p>tacit knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

__________ requires the discipline that produces conformance quality in high volume at low cost.

<p>Mass production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'mass customization' in the context of process improvement?

<p>To create efficient, low-cost processes tailored to individual customer needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of the PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle in Continuous Quality Improvement?

<p>Large-scale implementation from the outset. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Craft = Individual improvement with experience and use of tacit knowledge Mass production = Producing conformance quality in high volume at low cost Process enhancement = Analyzing &amp; modifying processes to develop a best-practice approach Mass customization = Building efficient, low-cost processes that are responsive to individual customer wants</p> Signup and view all the answers

A key aspect of the scientific method in CQI involves implementing changes on a large scale immediately to see rapid results.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Safe Healthcare

Minimizing risks and harm to service users by avoiding preventable injuries and reducing medical errors.

Effective Healthcare

Providing services based on scientific knowledge and evidence-based guidelines.

Timely Healthcare

Reducing delays in providing and receiving health care.

Efficient Healthcare

Maximizing resource use and avoiding waste in healthcare delivery.

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Equitable Healthcare

Delivering health care that does not differ in quality based on personal characteristics.

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People-Centered Healthcare

Providing care that considers the preferences and aspirations of individual service users.

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Quality Assurance (QA)

Focuses on conforming to predefined standards of a product or service.

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Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)

Efforts to make changes leading to better patient outcomes, system performance and professional development.

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CQI in Healthcare

CQI is now integrated into all parts of healthcare and is part of the training for future healthcare workers.

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The Quality Chasm

Acknowledged quality improvement as a professional duty, emphasizing quality of care over managerial strategies.

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Process Enhancement

Enhancement of processes by analyzing and modifying for best practices, incorporating worker feedback and team collaboration.

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Mass Customization

Make 'best practice', modularize and support it independently, and then uses those modules to build efficient, low-cost processes.

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Craft

The individual improve with experience and use the tacit knowledge produced to develop a better individual reputation and group reputation.

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mass production

Produces conformance quality in high volume at low cost.

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PDSA Cycle: Iteration

repeated iterative cycles.

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PDSA Cycle: Prediction

Prediction-based test of change developed in the plan stage.

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From TQM to CQI

A shift towards ongoing improvements, learning, and involvement at all levels of an organization.

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Total Participation

All members of an organization must participate to assure quality improvement, company-wide.

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Process Customer/Supplier

Each step in a process treats the next step as its 'customer' and the previous step as its 'supplier'.

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Communication Importance

Feedback loops promote channels of communication throughout the system.

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Participative Teams Core

Quality circles improve collaboration.

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Importance of Training

Investing in education and training leads to more effective CQI.

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PDSA Cycle

A cycle for testing and implementing changes for improvement.

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Steps of PDSA

Plan a change, do it on a small scale, study the results, and act based on what was learned.

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CQI Characteristics

CQI is linked to the strategic plan, guided by a quality council, involves training, and selects improvement opportunities.

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CQI Characteristics (cont.)

CQI involves improvement teams, staff support, supportive policies, and rigorous techniques.

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CQI: Institutional Improvement

CQI drives improvement at the local level, promotes learning, reengineers processes, and uses evidence-based practices.

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CQI: Societal Learning

CQI addresses public policy concerns about quality and cost and emphasizes professional development.

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CQI Distinguishing Characteristics

CQI prioritizes customer needs, focuses on the system, and uses data for decisions.

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Elements of CQI

CQI is based on philosophical, structural, and healthcare-specific elements.

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What is Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)?

CQI emphasizes continuous and incremental improvements over time.

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Evolution of Quality Movement

The quality movement has evolved from TQM to CQI to QI.

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