21 Questions
What is the purpose of textual presentation of data in research?
To describe data using statements with numbers
What must be included in the interpretation of data following the textual presentation of each table?
Condition, possible cause, and possible effect of the condition
How many ways of presenting data are mentioned in the text?
3
What is the main difference between textual presentation and tabular presentation of data?
Textual presentation arranges data into categories
Which element is NOT required in the interpretation of data following textual presentation according to Calderon and Gonzales (1999)?
Visual representation of the data
Why is it important to supplement tabular or graphical presentation with textual presentation of data?
To highlight important data and provide additional context
What is the purpose of horizonalization in the qualitative research process?
To highlight significant statements from respondents
What was the first group of theme clusters formulated to answer in the study?
The central questions of the study
Why do some young street vendors engage in selling their goods?
To support their families financially
What was one learning highlighted by a young street vendor from the text?
You mostly earn a little from selling
In the study, what does the term 'Early Realistic Approach' refer to?
The harsh realities of life faced by young vendors
Based on the text, what is a common reason stated for individuals taking refuge in the informal economy?
To find livelihood opportunities when unemployed
Which of the following is not a method of presenting data mentioned in the text?
Numerical
What follows the textual presentation of each table in research according to Calderon and Gonzales (1999)?
Comparisons of findings with previous studies
Which of the following is not a common element that must be included in the interpretation of data after textual presentation?
Identification of similar findings from previous studies
What is one way to arrange data into logical, chronological, and significant categories?
Textual presentation
What is typically included in textual presentation to describe a given data?
Numbers with statements
What is the purpose of horizonalization in the qualitative research process?
To highlight significant statements coming from the respondents
What was the purpose of the thematic analysis mentioned in the text?
To analyze, outline, and group significant statements into themes
What is meant by 'Early Realistic Approach' according to the text?
Facing harsh realities of life and taking action
What was the first group of theme clusters formulated to answer in the study?
'Support their families' and 'Financial reasons'
Study Notes
Presentation of Data
- Presentation is a way of arranging data into logical, chronological, and significant categories and classifications.
- There are three ways of presenting data: Textual, Tabular, and Graphical.
- Textual presentation involves using statements with numbers to describe a given data.
- It aims to highlight some important data and supplement the tabular or graphical presentation.
Interpretation of Data
- Interpretation or inference follows the textual presentation of each table in the research.
- It must have at least three of the following elements:
- Condition: findings discovered in the research.
- Possible cause of the condition: reason for the existence of the condition discovered.
- Possible effect of the condition: result of the existence of the condition discovered.
- Comparisons of findings with those of previous studies.
Thematic Analysis
- Theme clustering is done by analyzing, outlining, and grouping significant statements into themes or meaningful units.
- The first group of theme clusters is formulated to answer the central questions of the study (the SOP).
- Example of theme clustering:
- Theme 1: Early Realistic Approach (Support their families, Financial reasons)
- Theme 2: Experiences (Exhausting, Helpful)
- Theme 3: Time Management (Balanced, Hectic)
Writing the Results
- The sequence of the content is the same as that of the Statement of the Problem.
- Normally, this chapter features the following contents in chronological order: Statistical tables and graphs, Textual presentation, and Inferences or interpretation.
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
- This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions, and the future directions of the study to further enhance the concepts and the facts discussed in the preceding chapter.
- The summary should provide an overview of the study's focus and findings.
- Example: The study focused on young street vendors' experiences on selling their goods in the street daily.
Explore the process of bracketing, horizonalization, theme clustering, and constructing textural and structural descriptions in qualitative research. Learn about the importance of setting aside personal biases and writing the overall essence of research findings.
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