Qualitative Research in Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What do qualitative research approaches primarily question about psychological reality?

  • The role of experimental methods in psychology.
  • The universality of knowledge across cultures.
  • The existence of multiple psychological realities. (correct)
  • The objective nature of all psychological phenomena.

In qualitative research, what influences an individual's interpretation of experiences?

  • Personal experiences and background. (correct)
  • Statistical analysis of demographic data.
  • Societal norms and expectations.
  • The validity of quantitative measures.

What is a common misconception about qualitative research?

  • It follows a strict methodological framework.
  • It can yield varying themes from the same data.
  • It does not consider social contexts.
  • It produces objective and universal results. (correct)

What is the main focus of qualitative research according to the content?

<p>Understanding people's experiences and perceptions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the challenges regarding thematic analysis in qualitative research?

<p>It involves subjective interpretations that can differ. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT true about qualitative research methodologies?

<p>They rely solely on statistical analysis for conclusions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can qualitative research findings be described?

<p>Varied and dependent on individual perspectives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What need does qualitative research emphasize when analyzing data?

<p>Plausibility, coherence, and grounding in data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is primarily generated through qualitative research?

<p>Narrow but rich data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly contrasts qualitative and quantitative research?

<p>Quantitative research tends to be objective, whereas qualitative research acknowledges researcher subjectivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a qualitative research method?

<p>Surveys with closed-ended questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of qualitative data collection methods?

<p>They seek to gather contextual and personal experiences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is subjectivity considered important in qualitative research?

<p>It adds depth and context to the data collected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methodologies is specifically categorized under qualitative research?

<p>Grounded theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of qualitative research allows it to facilitate theory generation?

<p>Richness in local context and meaning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In qualitative research, contextual analysis serves what purpose?

<p>To incorporate the researcher’s subjective experiences and perceptions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of qualitative research according to the learning outcomes discussed?

<p>Exploring and understanding complex phenomena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key assumption of qualitative research highlighted in the session?

<p>Human experiences and perspectives shape reality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What core difference between qualitative and quantitative research is emphasized in the discussion?

<p>Quantitative research typically focuses on measuring variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method does the speaker suggest for addressing common issues such as SPSS licensing?

<p>Discussing concerns in the module forum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of qualitative research is NOT mentioned as one of its features in the session?

<p>Utilization of hypothesis-driven approaches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is expected by the end of the lecture on qualitative research?

<p>Ability to identify which type of questions qualitative research can answer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the teaching role of Stephanie McDonald?

<p>Associate professor involved in social psychology and research methods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major takeaway regarding the relationship between qualitative and quantitative research paradigms?

<p>Neither paradigm is universally better; they simply serve different purposes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals when conducting qualitative research according to the content?

<p>To understand people's perspectives and experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of conducting one-on-one interviews in qualitative research?

<p>They allow for the collection of rich, detailed data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might interviews be particularly useful for exploring sensitive topics?

<p>One-on-one interactions can foster trust and confidentiality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must researchers consider when developing their research question?

<p>The resources available for conducting the research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge associated with conducting interviews as a method of research?

<p>They are time consuming for both researchers and participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is qualitative research particularly beneficial?

<p>When exploring new and personal experiences related to a topic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the flexibility of interviews impact qualitative research?

<p>It enables researchers to tailor questions based on responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of qualitative research regarding sample sizes?

<p>Small sample sizes can still generate in-depth insights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between structured and semi-structured interviews?

<p>Semi-structured interviews include a prepared list of topics while allowing participant input. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might participants choose to disclose sensitive information in a group setting over one-to-one interviews?

<p>Group settings can create a sense of shared experience and support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common criticism of research involving participant interviews?

<p>The researcher may know participants' identities, leading to potential bias. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an unstructured interview compared to other types?

<p>It allows participants to initiate and guide the conversation based on their experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major ethical consideration when conducting interviews?

<p>The importance of participant confidentiality and ethical clearance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of a researcher in a semi-structured interview?

<p>The researcher should actively facilitate discussions while covering relevant topics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of group interviews can affect data control?

<p>Researchers have reduced control over the data generated compared to one-on-one interviews. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a structured interview compared to qualitative methods?

<p>It relies on fixed queries to ensure consistent data collection across participants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of audio recording interviews in research?

<p>To assist in transcribing data for analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is preparation important when drafting an interview schedule?

<p>It can facilitate thoughtful discussion with supervisors and research teams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can researchers effectively respond to the flow of an interview?

<p>By adapting the questions based on participant responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do opening and closing questions play in an interview?

<p>They build trust and rapport with participants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach for initiating sensitive topics during an interview?

<p>Beginning with easier, open-ended questions to build comfort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way are the structure and order of interview questions significant?

<p>They can influence the fluidity and depth of participant engagement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical consideration is emphasized in conducting interviews?

<p>Obtaining appropriate ethical approval (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transcription in research?

<p>Converting audio or video recordings into written text (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Qualitative Research

Focuses on in-depth understanding of complex social phenomena, exploring meanings, experiences, and perspectives.

Applications of Qualitative Research

Qualitative research excels at exploring nuanced social phenomena through observation, interviews, and analysis of text and media.

Qualitative Data Collection Methods

In-depth exploration through open-ended questions, allowing participants to express themselves freely.

Qualitative Research Focus

Qualitative research delves into the subjective experience of participants, exploring their individual interpretations and perspectives.

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Qualitative Data Integration

Qualitative research uses multiple data sources to gain a comprehensive understanding, triangulating information for deeper insights.

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Contextual Understanding in Qualitative Research

Qualitative research examines the context of social interactions, recognizing the influence of environments on human behavior.

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Dynamic and Evolution of Social Phenomena

Qualitative research emphasizes the dynamic and evolving nature of social phenomena, recognizing change over time.

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Grounded Theory Approach

Qualitative research is grounded in the specific experiences of participants, avoiding predetermined categories or frameworks.

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Multiple Realities

The assumption that there isn't one single, universal truth but multiple, context-dependent realities.

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Contextual Influence

The idea that understanding a person's actions and beliefs requires considering their background, experiences, and social environment.

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Thematic Analysis

The process of identifying themes or patterns within qualitative data.

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Subjectivity in Interpretation

The idea that the interpretation of qualitative data can vary between researchers, even when using the same data and methods.

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Inductive Thematic Analysis

A type of qualitative analysis where themes emerge directly from the data rather than being pre-defined by the researcher.

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Plausibility and Coherence

The requirement that qualitative analysis should be grounded in the data, make sense logically, and be consistent with the information gathered.

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Rigorous Qualitative Research

Qualitative research is not a free-for-all; it requires rigorous methods and careful analysis.

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What is the focus of qualitative research?

Qualitative research focuses on in-depth understanding of specific situations and populations, using rich and detailed data collected through methods like interviews and focus groups. It aims to explore and generate theories about a concept.

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How does quantitative research differ from qualitative research?

Quantitative research analyzes large amounts of data to test existing theories, focusing on objective measurements and statistical analysis. It aims to test hypotheses and draw generalizable conclusions about a population.

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What is the role of subjectivity in qualitative research?

Qualitative research acknowledges the researcher's subjective perspective and incorporates it into the analysis. This means acknowledging that the researcher's background, beliefs, and experiences influence the interpretation of findings.

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What is thematic analysis in qualitative research?

Qualitative researchers analyze data to identify and explore themes that emerge from the data. The themes should be grounded in the participants' experiences and perspectives, rather than pre-determined categories.

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Why are interviews important in qualitative research?

Interviews are a common method for collecting qualitative data, involving a professional conversation between the researcher and participant. This allows the researcher to gather in-depth information about the participant's experiences, beliefs, and perspectives.

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How do focus groups contribute to qualitative research?

Focus groups are another method for collecting qualitative data, involving a group discussion led by a moderator. This method allows for group dynamics and interactions to emerge, revealing shared experiences and perspectives within a group.

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What are some examples of qualitative research methodologies?

Qualitative research utilizes various methods like IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis), grounded theory, and narrative analysis. These methodologies provide frameworks for understanding and interpreting data, leading to different types of knowledge generation.

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What is the broader perspective of qualitative research?

Qualitative research is not limited to thematic analysis, focus groups, and interviews. It encompasses a broader range of methodologies, each offering unique approaches to data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

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Transcription

The act of converting audio or video recordings into written text for analysis.

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Interviews

A crucial step in qualitative research where researchers gather information from participants through structured conversations.

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Rapport Building

Building rapport, trust, and a comfortable environment for participants during interview sessions.

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Interview Schedule

A structured document outlining the questions and topics to be covered in an interview.

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Flexibility in Interviewing

The flexibility to deviate from the rigid structure of an interview schedule when appropriate.

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Probing

A vital element of qualitative research that allows researchers to delve deeper into specific aspects of a participant's response.

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Ethical Approval

The practice of seeking ethical approval for research involving human participants, ensuring data is collected responsibly.

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Opening and Closing Questions

Beginning and ending an interview with questions that are easy to answer and set a comfortable tone.

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Interviews in Research

A research method where researchers gather in-depth information from individuals through one-on-one conversations.

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Benefits of Interviews

Interviews allow researchers to explore complex topics and gather detailed, rich data that you might not get from surveys.

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Flexibility in Interviews

Interviews offer flexibility, allowing researchers to adjust questions based on the participants' responses.

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Interviews for Sensitive Topics

Interviews are well-suited for sensitive topics, creating a safe space for participants to open up.

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Time Commitment in Interviews

Interviews require researchers to spend considerable time interviewing and analyzing the collected data, making it time-consuming.

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Choosing Interview Method

Interviews are a valuable tool, offering rich insights, but should be considered carefully based on the research question and available resources.

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Interviews for Experiences and Perspectives

Interviews are especially useful when researchers want to understand personal experiences and perspectives on a specific topic.

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Matching Method to Question

The method you choose for data collection should be tailored to your research question and resources, with interviews being well-suited for in-depth exploration.

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Semi-structured Interview

A type of interview where the researcher has a list of topics or questions to cover, but is also flexible enough to allow participants to discuss things that are important to them.

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Structured Interview

A type of interview where the researcher has a fixed set of questions and response categories, similar to a questionnaire.

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Unstructured Interview

A type of interview where the researcher has a broad topic or theme in mind but no specific questions, and lets the conversation flow organically.

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Flexibility and Responsiveness in Interviews

The ability of a researcher to adjust their interview approach based on the information provided by the participant, ensuring that the conversation stays relevant and insightful.

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Survey

A method of data collection that involves gathering information from a large group of people through written questionnaires, allowing for quick and efficient data collection.

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Confidentiality and Privacy in Research

The ethical obligation of researchers to protect the identities and private information of their participants, ensuring their privacy and confidentiality.

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Ethical Clearance

The process of obtaining permission from an ethics committee to conduct a research study, ensuring that the research is conducted ethically and responsibly.

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Study Notes

Speaker's Initial Remarks

  • Separate module codes for autumn and spring semesters, for undergraduates.
  • Master's students follow a full-year module format.
  • Different module convenors for different student types (undergrad/conversion).
  • Practice activity is assigned, worth 5%, to be completed early.
  • Exam practice, graded pass/fail, will be introduced in lectures.
  • Exam content will be explained in December's last lecture, covering expected answer format.

Research Methods and Analysis Module

  • Two major categories: quantitative (experiments, accuracy/response) and qualitative (interviews, focus groups).
  • Module covers different research approaches within psychology's subfields.

Qualitative Research

  • Qualitative research focuses on understanding experiences, perceptions, and meanings within a specific context, not universal truths.
  • Qualitative research rejects the idea of a single, objective reality.
  • It explores people's experiences and how social contexts shape them.
  • Qualitative research values richness (depth) of data over broad scope (numbers of participants).

Qualitative Research Data Collection

  • Interviews: One-on-one conversations, can delve into sensitive issues.
  • Focus Groups: Interactive discussions with a group. Suitable for studying group dynamics, issues around shared experiences.

Sample Size Considerations

  • The number of participants needed in qualitative research depends on the research question.
  • Using purposive/theoretical sampling, researchers seek out participants who match the research questions/themes that may arise.
  • The "saturation point" of data analysis suggests if no new information is found, the sample size could be adequate.

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Introduction to Modu-transcript PDF

Description

Test your understanding of qualitative research approaches and methodologies in psychology. This quiz explores key concepts, common misconceptions, and important challenges within qualitative research. Dive in to enhance your knowledge of how qualitative methods differ from quantitative ones.

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