Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of qualitative data?
Involves naming or identifying without assigning a natural value
Which data type focuses on measurements like height, weight, and volume?
Continuous data
What is the purpose of an experiment study in research?
To assign subjects to treatments to study response reasons
Which method involves a purposeful discussion by asking questions directly from respondents?
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What kind of data can be classified as discrete or continuous?
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What is the role of a neutral moderator or facilitator in a focus group?
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What is the main characteristic of interval data?
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What type of data involves an absolute zero?
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What method is used to collect information from a group of people using printed questionnaires?
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Which type of data reflects a number obtained by counting?
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Why might an analyst find it hard to obtain some cost data requirements?
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What is the difference between discrete and continuous data?
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What is the key difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
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When planning a survey, what is a crucial consideration for obtaining a representative sample?
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In experimental design, what is the purpose of a control group?
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What is an essential step in conducting a true experiment?
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When analyzing data, what is a common mistake that can lead to biased results?
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Why is it important to understand population sampling methods in quantitative analysis?
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Study Notes
Methods of Collecting Qualitative Data
- Focus Group: an open discussion group of 6-8 participants led by a neutral moderator or facilitator.
- Observation: gathering open-ended, firsthand information by observing an object or phenomenon.
- Interview: a purposeful discussion between two or more people by asking questions directly from respondents, either face-to-face or by telephone.
- Archival Materials: using materials such as newspapers.
Types of Qualitative Data
- Nominal data: involves naming or identifying a thing without assigning it to an implicit or natural value or rank.
Methods of Collecting Quantitative Data
- Survey: collecting information from a group of people by employing printed questionnaires mailed to large samples, or through the telephone.
- Experiment: deliberately assigning subjects to various treatments for studying the reasons for changes in the output response(s).
- Observational Study: collecting data in a way that does not directly interfere with how the data arise.
Types of Quantitative Data
- Discrete data: reflects a number obtained by counting, typically involves integers.
- Continuous data: can be divided and reduced to finer and finer levels, with the number of decimal places depending on the precision of the measuring device.
- Interval data: specifies the exact differences between the values, in addition to classifying and ordering the measurements.
- Ratio data: tells us the exact value between units and also has an absolute zero.
Data Validity
- The validity of results rests on the validity of the input data.
- Potential pitfalls in acquiring input data include manipulation of data to make it look "good and clean".
- Accounting data is usually sensitive and not open for public research, hence, it can be hard to obtain.
Experimental Designs
- Observational study: collects data without directly interfering with how the data arise.
- Experiment: deliberately assigns subjects to various treatments for studying the reasons for changes in the output response(s).
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