Questions and Answers
What is qualitative analysis?
The examination of a sample of inorganic material to identify the ions that are present.
What can a tentative identification of an anion be made from?
The silver nitrate test.
What is the identification of the silver nitrate test based on?
Color of the precipitate and whether or not the precipitate is soluble in nitric acid.
What does the silver nitrate test prove the presence of?
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What is the organic solvent test used for?
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Write the formula (un-ionized) equation for the reaction between NaCl and AgNO3.
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What is the total ionic equation for the reaction of NaCl and AgNO3?
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What is the net ionic equation for the reaction between NaCl and AgNO3?
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What substances will you be putting in the test tubes?
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Where should solutions containing decane be disposed of?
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What should you write for precipitate results?
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Study Notes
Qualitative Analysis
- Involves examining inorganic materials to identify the ions present in a sample.
Silver Nitrate Test
- Tentative identification of anions can be made using this test.
- Identification relies on the color of the precipitate and its solubility in nitric acid.
- Multiple tests may be necessary, as similar results can occur with different anions.
Presence of Halide Ions
- Silver nitrate can confirm the presence of halide ions (Cl-, Br-, I-).
- Other anion precipitates dissolve in nitric acid, reinforcing the halide identification.
Organic Solvent Test
- Chlorine water (Cl2) is added to halide salts to oxidize bromide and iodine ions.
- Free bromine (Br2) and iodine (I2) can be extracted using an immiscible organic solvent (decane).
- Color changes: Cl2 = pale yellow, Br2 = yellow/orange to reddish brown, I2 = violet/pink.
Chemical Equations
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Formula (un-ionized): NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq).
- Represents substances in their usual form.
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Total Ionic Equation: Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) → AgCl(s) + Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq).
- Shows all substances as they are present in solution.
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Net Ionic Equation: Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq) → AgCl(s).
- Includes only the substances that undergo a chemical change; excludes unchanged ions like Na+ and NO3-.
Experimental Setup
- Test tubes will contain: NaCl, NaBr, NaI, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2CO3, and two unknown samples (2 mL each).
Disposal Procedures
- Dispose of solutions containing decane in the "waste organic solvents" container.
- Solutions with silver or barium should go in the "heavy metals waste" container.
Observational Notes
- Record results for precipitate formation (indicate color) with 'yes' or 'no'.
- For dissolving precipitates, note if it dissolved and the resulting color in the decane layer.
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Description
Explore the qualitative analysis techniques used to identify halide ions in inorganic samples. This quiz covers tests like the Silver Nitrate Test and the Organic Solvent Test, examining color changes and chemical equations. Test your knowledge on the relationship between precipitate characteristics and anion identification.
