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• Practice Set for Exam 1 is due on February 7, 2022
• Instructor is Dr. Miller

Question 1

• Alcohol is typically categorized as a depressant but also has some stimulant effects.

Question 2

• Intense stimuli trigger stronger action potentials.

Question 3

• A new medication makes it difficult to fall asleep, likely affecting levels of melatonin.

Question 4

• A 2015 study by Jay & Jay found a positive correlation between intelligence and swearing
• People with higher scores on a verbal fluency intelligence test also cursed more often than people with lower scores
• Some possible interpretations include higher intelligence makes one swear more, swearing makes one more intelligent, and some unmeasured third variable makes one more likely to swear AND more intelligent

Question 5

• According to Freud's dream theory, manifest content refers to the surface-level details of dreams.

Question 6

• The middle ear functions to funnel sound waves towards the ear drum.

Question 7

• Jazz musician Duke Ellington recounted hearing a note and perceiving it as a color
• This is akin to synesthesia the sense of perception through multiple senses simultaneously.

Question 8

• After sitting in a room with a loud air-conditioner for a while, eventually one stop consciously hearing the sound
• This is known as habituation.

Question 9

• After an accident, balancing is difficult and gross motor tasks are forgotten
• Doctor should be most concerned about the cerebellum.

Question 10

• Ewald Hering found a clue to the mystery of color vision in afterimages.

Question 11

• Most adults need about 10 hours of sleep per night (False).

Question 12

• Humans sleep a middling amount, as we were both predators and prey, according to the adaptive theory of sleep.

Question 13

• Miranda carefully explains to her participants what they will have to do in her study, noting potential risks and benefits before asking them fo agree to participate.
• Miranda obtains informed consent.

Question 14

• As we age and develop from infancy to adulthood, most sleep disorders become more common.

Question 15

• Jackie is reading a blog post on the Internet
• Words on the screen travel through cornea, pupil, lens, retina.

Question 16

• Most influential gland in the endocrine system is the pituitary gland, which is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.

Question 17

• Overdosing on stimulants is most likely to result in cardiovascular problems (e.g., stroke, heart attack).

Question 18

• True statements about the content of dreams include:
• People who have been traumatized often have nightmares about their fears
• We often dream about the things that are relevant to our lives
• Dream content sometimes varies based on a person's gender

Question 19

• People often kick and move about during REM sleep (False).

Question 20

• Region of cerebral cortex to function:
• Occipital = visual center
• Parietal = somatosensory center
• Temporal = auditory center
• Frontal = higher mental processes

Question 21

• Endorphin is a neurotransmitter that controls pain

Question 22

• The sympathetic division is responsible for the body's response to perceived threat.

Question 23

• The word "drug" refers to any substance that has a psychoactive effect

Question 24

• Opiate drugs have a high potential for addiction and work as agonists for endorphins

Question 25

• The hallmark symptom of REM behavior disorder is thrashing and movement during REM sleep.

Question 26

• Motor neurons carry information from the spine, and sensory neurons carry information to the spine.

Question 27

• Dopamine is most likely to be responsible for visual hallucinations.

Question 28

• Quasi-experiments differ from regular experiments because participants are sorted into groups based on a pre-existing characteristic.

Question 29

• If someone stopped breathing after overdosing on a drug, it's most likely they were using a depressant

Question 30

• To have the goal of describing with a study utilize A case study or Naturalistic observation

Question 31

• To determine whether caffeine helps or hinders students' ability to study, give coffee to one group of students and decaf to another, give them information to study for 30 minutes then give them a test to see how well they remember the information requires an experimental study

Question 32

• Substances that increase activity in the nervous system are termed agonists, while those that decrease activity are known as antagonists.

Question 33

• To determine whether family-income has an effect on whether high school students plan to attend college requires a group of 64 students which is the study's sample

Question 34

• For some reason, the milk in your fridge is always being left out on the counter in the evenings. Though you haven't seen him do it, you predict setting up a camera in the kitchen, and catch the roommate leaving out the milk requires a hypothesis.

Question 35

• Basic functions such as respiration, digestion, and circulation are maintained by the hind-brain

Question 36

• Dr. Mitten is concerned that a patient may have had stroke and is most likely to check for the signs of a stroke with a CT scan

Question 37

• Severe headaches when not drinking coffee are a symptom of withdrawal

Question 38

• Marijuana could reasonably be classified as a depressant, a hallucinogen, and a stimulant.

Question 39

• At 85+ Decibels sound waves are likely to cause damage to the auditory organs with prolonged exposure

Question 40

• Abrams and Wilson (1983), people were given non-alcoholic beverage and told it was alcohol and they experienced many of the same effects as those who actually consumed alcohol, including lowered inhibitions
• Psychologists call this an expectancy effect

Question 41

• If allowed to sleep uninterrupted after experiencing significant sleep deprivation, people commonly experience an REM "rebound."

Question 42

• The adrenal gland is directly involved in the body's fight-or-flight response

Question 43

• The pons brain structure is thought to be responsible for "locking down" skeletal muscles during sleep

Question 44

• Smell essentially "bypasses" the thalamus, which usually organizes and coordinates sensory information before transmitting it to other regions of the brain

Question 45

• According to your readings, insomnia is the most common sleep disorder among adults

Question 46

• Subliminal signals have no effect on our thoughts or behavior (False)

Question 47

• Your emotional state can alter your sensations but not your perceptions (True)

Question 48

• For the surgeon who states: "I will make you fearless!" what part of your brain is he likely to remove?
• The amygdala

Question 49

• Your friend hands you two weights. One weights .56 ounces, the other weights .60 ounces. If you are unable to tell which weight is heavier, then the weights don't meet your difference threshold.

Question 50

• True statements include:
  • Color blindness is usually due to defective cones
  • Monochromatic color blindness is rare

Question 51

• A neural disease in which dead cells and other matter build up around neurons would most likely be the result of dysfunction in Microglia

Question 52

• The inside of a neuron's axon is usually negatively charged, maintained by negatively charged proteins

Question 53

• When trying to walk about in a darkened room, depending primarily on specialized cells known as rods within the retina

• When your enjoying the colors of a painting in an art gallery, it is your retina's cones doing much of the work

Question 54

• Neurotransmitters matched to their functions
  • Acetylcholine = Muscle contraction
  • Dopamine = Pleasure
  • Serotonin = Sleep
  • Glutamate = Excitation
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid = Inhibition

Question 55

• The process by which ears transform sound waves into neural impulses is an example of transduction

Question 56

• The pons brain structure "locks down" skeletal muscles during certain stages of sleep

Question 57

• Dr. Meyers studies primate family groups. Dr studies alloparents (non-parental caregivers) in several communities of chimpanzees in Tanzania did not interfere or interact.
• This study requires naturalistic observation

Question 58

• An antagonist neurotransmitter is most likely to function by blocking receptor sites on the receiving neuron

Question 59

• Regions of space between dendrites and axons are Synapses

Question 60

• Anger is a response to visual stimuli in that anger is most related to perception

Question 61

• Traits include:
• Skepticism
• Curiosity

Question 62

• Here are the specific conditions of the drug company experiments:
• Placebo = Sugar pill
• Dependent variable (DV) = Flu symptoms
• Independent variable (IV) = Medication
• Confounding variable = Physician vs. medical students

Question 63

• In multiple sclerosis, neural communication is disrupted by degeneration of myelin

Question 64

• For pleasurable drug use, addiction is fueled by positive reinforcement
• For pain suppression, addiction is fueled by negative reinforcement