Thyroid

when your thyroid does not make enough thyroid hormones. when it is severe it's called myxedema.

when the thyroid make a lot of thyroid hormones. when it is the severe it is called a thyroid storm.

the hypothalamus releases a thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) which then stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH. The TSH will go to the thyroid to release T3 and T4.

when there are high amounts of T3 and T4, TSH is no longer produced to avoid further increases in those hormones. When there is low amounts of the hormones, there will be high of TSH so that it can stimulate the thyroid to make the thyroid hormones.

it is the largest endocrine gland. it is made of two lobes; an isthmus connects it and is highly vascularized. the laryngeal nerves pass UNDER the thyroid.

it is the inactive form. it is made of 4 iodine atoms and this is the main thyroid hormone that is produced which will then be converted into the active form, T3.

this is the active form. it has 3 iodines. it is made when one iodine atom is removed from T4 by deiodinase enzyme.

this is an inactive form. it does not activate thyroid hormone receptors.

iodide from the blood will enter the thyroid cell by active transport. then, the iodide will be converted to iodine by thyroperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide. then the iodine is going to attach to the tyrosine residue that is on the thyroglobulin that is in the thyroid cell and it would make MIT and DIT which would combine and make T3 and T4.

levothyroxine liothyronine

it is T4 long acting body will convert T4 to T3 can be given orally or IV

this is T3 short acting can be given orally or IV

5'-deiodinase

these are drugs that treat hyperthyroidism. there are two; methimazole and propylthiouracil

• it blocks thyroperoxidase from attaching the iodine to the L-tyrosine part of thyroglobulin, preventing the production of the thyroid hormones. -it blocks 5'-deiodenase from converting T4 to T3

the C2 thioketo and unsubstituted N1

thioketo group

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