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Questions and Answers

Functions of the digestive tract from beginning to end

  • Prehension, mastication, absorption, chemical digestion, elimination of wastes
  • Prehension, mastication, chemical digestion, absorption, elimination of wastes (correct)
  • Prehension, mastication, chemical digestion, elimination of wastes, absorption
  • -

    • What does mylase break down

  • Starch (correct)
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • -

    • [during peristalsis] what moves the food bolus towards the stomach?

  • Contraction of longitudinal muscles and relaxation of the circular muscles
  • Relaxation of longitudinal muscles and contraction of the circular muscles (correct)
  • Pronation of longitudinal muscles and contraction of the circular muscles
  • Relaxation of longitudinal muscles and relaxation of the circular muscles

    • When the peristaltic wave reaches the lower end of the esophagus, what happens that allows food to pass into the stomach?

    <p>When the longitudinal muscles shorten and circular muscles relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within the abdominal cavity, the surface of the organs are covered by a serous membrane. What is it called?

    <p>Visceral peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abdominal body wall lined by?

    <p>Parietal peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following corresponds to the mesentery

    <p>Suspends the intestines from the abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following corresponds with the omentum

    <p>Double-layered connecting peritoneum that links the stomach to the abdominal wall or other organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following secretes intrinsic factor which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fundus relaxes with swallowing and allows for filling, What inhibits muscle activity of the fundus and allows relaxation and filling and stimulates the mixing activity in the pyloric antrum?

    <p>Gastrin by the G cells of the antrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The body of the stomach relaxes with swallowing but also contracts to help mix food. While peristalsis moves food into the stomach, what propels the food from the cardia to the antrum?

    <p>Longitudinal muscle layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The body of the stomach relaxes with swallowing but also contracts to help mix food. While peristalsis moves food into the stomach, what mixes and grinds?

    <p>Circular muscle layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pyloric antrum, what stimulates grinding and mixing activity?

    <p>Swallowing (vagus nerve) and gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pylorus, which muscle layer maintains a constant tone during stomach contractions?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does excess stomach acid in the duodenum stimulate the release of from the duodenum? (which causes the fundus to relax and inhibits peristalsis of gastric body and antrum resulting in slowing of gastric emptying)

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large amounts of proteins in the duodenum also slow gastric emptying by stimulating the release of a hormone that decreases the contraction of the gastric fundus, body and antrum. What is the name of this hormone?

    <p>Cholecystokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [In the gastric glands of the fundus and body] Which of the following secretes both hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor (not in cats)

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    [in the gastric glands of the fundus and body] Which of the following produces pepsinogen?

    <p>Chief cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does gastrin (secreted by the G cells) stimulate?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acetylcholine from cholinergic neurons mainly stimulate?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does histamine secreted by enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells mainly stimulate?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify; contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract that crush, mix and propel its contents

    <p>Motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following corresponds to the breakdown of food via mechanical and chemical means, into smaller soluble particles

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following corresponds to the delivery of enzymes, mucus, and ions into the lumen of the GI tract and hormones into the blood

    <p>Secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following corresponds to the transport of water, ions and nutrients from the lumen, across the epithelium and into the blood

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

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