Byrophyte and Pterdihyte
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Questions and Answers

What is the dominant phase of life for bryophytes?

  • Gametophyte (correct)
  • Sporophyte
  • Anthocerotophyte
  • Liverwort

    • What is the dominant generation in Psilotum, a whisk fern?

  • Sporophyte (correct)
  • Gametophyte
  • Heterosporous
  • Homosporous

    • What is the dominant stage of life for bryophytes?

  • Gametophyte (correct)
  • Sporophyte
  • Anthocerotophytes
  • Liverworts

    • What is the dominant generation of Psilotum, a whisk fern?

    <p>Sporophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant phase of life for bryophytes?

    <p>Gametophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant generation of Psilotum?

    <p>Sporophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of spores produced by seed plants?

    <p>Megaspore and microspore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant phase of life for bryophytes?

    <p>Gametophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant phase of life for bryophytes?

    <p>Gametophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant stage of life for bryophytes?

    <p>Gametophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main axis of the frond called?

    <p>Rachis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant stage of life for bryophytes?

    <p>Gametophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant phase of life for bryophytes?

    <p>Gametophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature that distinguishes bryophytes from other plants?

    <p>Rhizoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plants lack vascular tissue and a prominence of gametophyte in their life cycle?

    <p>Liverworts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for all seedless vascular plants?

    <p>Pteridophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for all seedless vascular plants?

    <p>Pteridophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protects the sporangia?

    <p>Indusium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the vascular system found only in sporophytes do?

    <p>Transport solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of the gametophyte generation?

    <p>Sporophyte and sporophyte mother cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes liverworts from mosses?

    <p>Liverworts have a thallus body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant stage of life for Anthocerotophytes, hornworts, and Anthoceros?

    <p>Gametophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mosses and liverworts?

    <p>Mosses have a more complex morphology while liverworts are simpler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?

    <p>Gymnosperms produce seeds on the tips of the sporophyte's branches while angiosperms produce seeds in the center of the plant's leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinguishing feature of liverworts?

    <p>Lack of vascular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the dominance of sporophytes in all other vascular plants?

    <p>The vascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sporophyte mother cell in ferns?

    <p>To divide by meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stage of life for liverworts?

    <p>Gametophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of liverworts?

    <p>Gametophyte as the dominant stage of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plant has a body that is a flat thallus with no stem or leaves?

    <p>Liverworts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ferns reproduce?

    <p>By meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of liverworts?

    <p>Sporophyte as the dominant stage of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sporophyte mother cell?

    <p>To produce haploid spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for all seedless vascular plants?

    <p>Pteridophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the dominance of sporophytes in all other vascular plants?

    <p>They have a vascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anchors the fronds to the soil?

    <p>Rhizoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pollen tube?

    <p>To transport the megaspore and the microspore to the ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the scales on the fronds used for?

    <p>Protection from frost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which sporophytes produce spores?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which ferns produce spores?

    <p>By meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical habitat of liverworts?

    <p>Damp and shady habitats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two subdivisions/classes of Pteridophytes?

    <p>Filicinophyta and Lycopodophyta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinguishing feature of sporophytes?

    <p>They are larger and more complex than the gametophyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproduction does the sporophyte undergo?

    <p>Asexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sporophytes reproduce?

    <p>By producing spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sporophytes reproduce?

    <p>By producing spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of xylem in plants?

    <p>To provide support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the megaspore and the microspore?

    <p>The megaspore is a small, non-pollen-containing seed while the microspore is a smaller, pollen-containing seed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the dominance of sporophytes in all other vascular plants?

    <p>The vascular system found only in sporophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sporophyte mother cell in ferns?

    <p>To produce haploid spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two subdivisions of Pteridophytes?

    <p>Lycopodophyta and Filicinophyta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the fronds of a fern more robust than?

    <p>Fiddlehead fern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for sexual reproduction in seed plants?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conduction in plants?

    <p>To transport water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are Pteridophytes considered a taxon?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the seeds of a gymnosperm located?

    <p>On the tips of the sporophyte's branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the subdivisions of pinnae called?

    <p>Pinnules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between ferns and horsetails?

    <p>They are more closely related to seed plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main classes of Pteridophytes?

    <p>Lycopodophyta and Filicinophyta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clusters of sporangia called?

    <p>Sori</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the megaspore and the microspore merge?

    <p>They form the embryo sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heterosporous?

    <p>Producing two types of spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between homosporous and heterosporous plants?

    <p>Homosporous plants produce one type of spores while heterosporous plants produce two different types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conduction in plants?

    <p>To transport solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the fronds of a fern do?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side of the leaflets are the pinnae on?

    <p>Both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does heterosporous mean in relation to Pteridophytes?

    <p>Producing spores of two different sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ovum?

    <p>To fertilize the ovum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between pteridophytes and seed plants?

    <p>Pteridophytes are not considered a taxon while seed plants are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the vascular system found only in sporophytes?

    <p>To transport solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the fronds of a fern become smaller and less dense?

    <p>Up the rachis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the megasporangium?

    <p>To enclose the megaspore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lignified cells in xylem?

    <p>To provide support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Bryophytes are a group of non-vascular plants that are found in regions with high annual rainfall.
    • Mosses are the most familiar bryophytes.
    • Bryophytes have distinct alternation of generations: gametophytes are the most conspicuous, occupies a greater proportion of the life cycle, and is therefore the dominant phase of life. sporophytes are typically smaller and exist only for a short period in the life cycle. sporophytes are attached and are dependent to gametophytes for its nutrition. They produce spores in a spore capsule. Bryophytes lack branched sporophytes bearing multiple sporangia.
    • Bryophytes lack vascular tissue, true leaves, and roots, and are restricted in upward growth due to this lack of support.
    • Bryophytes are distinguished from other plants by their gametophyte, which is anchored by rhizoids.
    • Bryophytes have a morphology that includes a plant surface that lacks a cuticle and a body that can be a thallus or differentiated into simple leaves and stems.
    • Sporophytes are the dominant stage of life for bryophytes, and the sporangium is where spores are produced.
    • Anthocerotophytes, hornworts, and Anthoceros are all plants that have a gametophyte as their dominant stage of life.
    • Liverworts are a group of plants that lack vascular tissue and a prominence of gametophyte in their life cycle.
    • Liverworts are typically small, however certain species may cover large patches of ground.
    • Their 'leaves' are divided into 2/ 3 parts called lobes and their 'leaves' are arranged in three ranks along the stem.
    • For thalloid liverworts, the body is a flat thallus with no stem or leaves.
    • Liverworts are morphologically simpler than mosses and have a more often found on very damp and shady habitats.
    • Liverworts typically have two generations a year, the sporophyte being larger, more complex, and dominant.
    • Ferns are a group of plants that possess true roots, stems, and leaves. They produce spores and can live for many years.
    • The gametophyte generation is made up of two parts: the sporophyte and the sporophyte mother cell.
    • The sporophyte is a thin, heart-shaped cell that is photosynthetic.
    • The sporophyte mother cell divides by meiosis to produce haploid spores.
    • Sporophytes are only found in damp conditions and are susceptible to desiccation.
    • Sporophytes produce spores by clustering together and producing sori on the undersides of pinnules.
    • Sporophytes undergo asexual reproduction by producing spores.

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