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Questions and Answers
What year is considered the birth of Psychology?
What is the primary focus of Structuralism in Psychology?
Who is associated with the Gestalt school of thought?
What is a key characteristic of Behaviorism?
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Which school of thought emphasizes the adaptation of mental processes to the environment?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the five main schools of thought in Psychology?
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What does objective introspection involve?
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Which school of thought primarily focuses on the role of the unconscious mind?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology
- Psychology officially emerged in 1879 with Wilhelm Wundt establishing the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany.
- Wundt's work aimed to differentiate psychology from philosophy, focusing on structured analysis of the mind.
- He introduced the concept of objective introspection, a method for examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental processes.
Schools of Thought in Psychology
- Five major schools of thought in psychology emerged in the 1800s, shaping the discipline's development.
Structuralism
- Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, it emphasizes breaking down mental processes into their basic components.
- Structuralism uses introspection as a primary method.
Functionalism
- Developed as a reaction to structuralism, focusing on how mental activities help an organism adapt to its environment.
- Observes the functions of the mind rather than its structure.
Gestalt Psychology
- Proponent: Max Wertheimer.
- Emphasizes understanding the mind and behavior in terms of organized wholes, rather than individual components.
- The Gestalt approach argues that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Behaviorism
- Focuses exclusively on observable and measurable behaviors.
- Proponents believe that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Originated from the work of Sigmund Freud.
- Centers on the influence of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences on behavior.
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