Untitled Quiz

Study Notes

Ore minerals are natural rocks or sediments containing valuable minerals.
They are a combination of metalliferous minerals and gangue, the associated rock having no economic value.

A mineral deposit is a naturally occurring deposit of useful minerals. It's a geological term.
An ore deposit is a mineral deposit of sufficient size and concentration to warrant exploitation—an economic term.

Mineral exploration is a series of activities aiming to discover mineral deposits and rocks usable by society.

This initial stage involves reviewing all available geological data (maps, reports, etc.), mining history, and government requirements.
The goal is to formulate project proposals, including budgets and organizational plans.

This stage consists of physical activities in the selected project area.
It's divided into three phases:
- A. Regional Reconnaissance: Identifying targets or mineralized zones over a broad area (regional).
- B. Detailed Exploration: More detailed surface and subsurface activities to locate and delineate targets or mineralized zones.
- C. Prospect Evaluation: Evaluating the prospects or targets.

This independent study validates the accuracy of data from different stages.
The purpose is to raise funds from investors and bring the project into production.
It analyzes feasibility (economic, technical, operational, and schedule aspects). Detailed assessment of costs, benefits, risks, and solutions, and projections of timelines and resource optimization is included

Mining is the process of extracting minerals from a rock seam or ore.
It also involves extracting useful minerals from the Earth's surface, including the seas.
There is a long history of mining—dating back to prehistoric times, Flint was one of the first.

Milling or Mineral Processing:
- The process of extracting minerals from the ore, refining them, and preparing these materials for use.
- It's essentially the art of extracting valuable minerals from waste rock (gangue).

Sampling: Removing a portion of the material representative of the whole.
Analysis: Evaluating the valuable components in the ore.
Concentration: Separating valuable minerals from the raw material. Usually involves filtration and sedimentation.
Dewatering: Separating the valuable components from water.

Heavy Media Separation: Submerging crushed rocks in a liquid; heavier minerals sink.
Magnetic Separation: Separating magnetic minerals from non-magnetic ones with magnets.
Froth Flotation: Crushed ore is placed in an agitated, frothy slurry; minerals adhere to bubbles and rise to the surface.
Cyanide Heap Leaching: Cyanide solution sprayed onto a pile of crushed rock to extract gold.
Optical Separation: Identifying minerals based on their colors.
Gravity Separation: Using density differences to separate minerals.
Electrostatic Separation: Separating minerals based on their electrical properties

Waste products (tailings) are the ore material left over after processing.
Improper waste disposal can cause significant environmental problems, including soil and water contamination and impacting local communities.

Improve technology to extract more usable materials with less waste.
Plan out mining sites from exploration to rehabilitation.
Restore impacted communities.
Zone tailings areas with plant life to minimize seepage.
Design mining structures that surpass current government and international standards.
Adopt best practices for environmental protection, including reforestation and slope stabilization.