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Which region of DNA determines where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?

Enhancers

Introns

Promoter regions (correct)

Exons

What is the function of promoter-proximal elements and enhancers in transcription initiation?

To remove introns from the primary transcript

To specify the coding region of proteins

To affect the rate of transcription initiation (correct)

To bind to RNA polymerase

What happens to introns in the primary transcript of eukaryotic genes?

They have no coding function (correct)

They bind to RNA polymerase

They are modified to remove exons

They specify the coding region of proteins

Which type of RNA is responsible for forming peptide bonds during protein synthesis?

rRNA Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, what is the function of the 5' cap and poly-A tail on mRNA?

To protect the mRNA from degradation Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the DNA contains the consensus sequence necessary for transcription initiation in prokaryotes?

Pribnow box Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription?

To recognize the promoter region Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs?

Eukaryotic mRNAs have a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail, while prokaryotic mRNAs do not. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA in prokaryotes?

RNA polymerase III Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme synthesizes the precursor of mature rRNA in eukaryotes?

RNA Pol I Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the gene contains binding sites for general transcription factors (GTF) in eukaryotes?

Core promoter region Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of TFIID in eukaryotic gene transcription?

Recognize and bind TATA-box and other core promoter elements Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enhancers in eukaryotic gene transcription?

Increase rate of transcription initiation by RNA Pol II Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for transcribing genes into a single-stranded RNA?

RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 5'-cap in eukaryotic mRNA?

Stabilizes mRNA for initiation of translation Signup and view all the answers

Which RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing tRNA, 5S rRNA, and some snRNA and snoRNA in eukaryotes?

RNA polymerase III Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) in eukaryotic mRNA splicing?

Mediates splicing by forming base pairs with consensus sequences at each end of the intron Signup and view all the answers

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