Biochemistry Chapter 6.3-6.7 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between endergonic reactions and exergonic reactions?

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions absorb energy, often in the form of heat.

What are some examples of endergonic reactions?

Mixing sodium and chlorine to make salt.

What are some examples of exergonic reactions?

Cellular respiration.

What does it mean to say that they are in a coupled reaction?

<p>It refers to the mechanism where exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do anabolism and catabolism relate to endergonic and exergonic reactions?

<p>Catabolic reactions release energy and are exergonic, while anabolic reactions build up and are endergonic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ATP-ADP cycle relate to endergonic and exergonic reactions?

<p>ATP conversion to ADP releases energy, which is used to drive endergonic reactions through coupling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an enzyme?

<p>An enzyme is a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an enzyme made of?

<p>Long chains of different amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a substrate?

<p>The substance on which an enzyme acts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a product?

<p>Substances which are produced by a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of an enzyme using all appropriate vocabulary terms.

<p>An enzyme acts as a catalyst, speeding up reactions by lowering the activation energy, enabling reactants to absorb sufficient energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do enzymes create a metabolic pathway?

<p>Enzymes promote chemical reactions and act on substrates to operate metabolic systems called pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metabolism?

<p>A chemical process that occurs to maintain life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do enzymes work?

<p>Enzymes are selective, binding substrates to a specific region called the active site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to say that enzymes are catalysts?

<p>Enzymes are soluble protein molecules that can speed up chemical reactions in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a coenzyme and how does it work?

<p>Non-protein organic cofactors that assist enzymes in turning substrates into products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does competitive inhibition work?

<p>Binding of an inhibitor prevents the target molecule, known as the substrate, from binding to the enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does allosteric regulation work?

<p>When a molecule binds to an allosteric site, it alters the enzyme's shape, changing its function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endergonic Reactions

Chemical reactions that absorb energy, often in the form of heat.

Exergonic Reactions

Chemical reactions that release energy, often in the form of heat.

Coupled Reactions

The coupling of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction, allowing energy from the former to drive the latter.

Catabolic Reactions

Reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

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Anabolic Reactions

Reactions that build up complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.

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ATP-ADP Cycle

The process of energy transfer within cells, involving the conversion of ATP to ADP and vice versa.

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Enzymes

Proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

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Substrate

The specific molecule that an enzyme acts upon.

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Active Site

The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical processes that occur within a living organism, including both catabolic and anabolic reactions.

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Specificity

The ability of an enzyme to act specifically on a particular substrate.

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Coenzymes

Non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes in their function.

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Competitive Inhibition

A type of inhibition where a molecule binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding.

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Allosteric Regulation

A type of regulation where a molecule binds to a site on an enzyme other than the active site, causing a conformational change that alters the enzyme's activity.

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Products

The substances that are produced as a result of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

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Non-competitive Inhibition

A type of inhibition that occurs when a molecule binds to an enzyme, causing it to change shape and become less active.

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Enzyme Activity

The rate at which an enzyme catalyzes a reaction.

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Study Notes

Endergonic vs. Exergonic Reactions

  • Endergonic reactions absorb energy, often in the form of heat, while exergonic reactions release energy.
  • Examples of endergonic reactions include the formation of salt by mixing sodium and chlorine.
  • Cellular respiration serves as a primary example of an exergonic reaction, releasing energy for biological processes.

Coupled Reactions

  • Coupled reactions involve linking an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction, enabling energy from one to drive the other.

Anabolism and Catabolism

  • Catabolic reactions are energy-releasing processes, breaking down molecules, while anabolic reactions build up complex molecules and consume energy.

ATP-ADP Cycle

  • The ATP-ADP cycle illustrates energy transfer within cells, where the hydrolysis of ATP (an exergonic reaction) provides the necessary energy to drive endergonic reactions.

Enzymes

  • Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (Ae).
  • Composed of long chains of various amino acids, enzymes are selective and interact specifically with substrates at their active sites.
  • Their primary function is to promote chemical reactions and facilitate metabolic pathways.

Metabolism

  • Metabolism encompasses the chemical processes that sustain life, involving both catabolic and anabolic reactions.

Enzyme Function and Properties

  • Enzymes are catalysts that increase reaction rates in biological systems, functioning only with specific substrates.
  • Products are the substances resulting from enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Cofactors and Coenzymes

  • Coenzymes are non-protein organic molecules that assist enzymes by altering substrates into products, often capable of being reused by different enzymes.

Inhibition and Regulation

  • Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to an enzyme's active site, preventing substrate attachment.
  • Allosteric regulation involves binding to a site other than the active site, leading to conformational changes that affect enzyme functionality.

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Description

Test your understanding of endergonic and exergonic reactions in this quiz based on Biochemistry Chapter 6.3-6.7. Gain clarity on energy exchanges and examples of these reactions. Perfect for reinforcing key concepts in your studies.

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