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When did Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim become the ruler of Qatar?
When did Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim become the ruler of Qatar?
What was the significance of 1913 in Qatar's history?
What was the significance of 1913 in Qatar's history?
Which power emerged as a regional power in the early twentieth century?
Which power emerged as a regional power in the early twentieth century?
What happened to the Ottoman presence in the Arab Gulf in the early twentieth century?
What happened to the Ottoman presence in the Arab Gulf in the early twentieth century?
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When did Abd al-Aziz Al Saud capture Al-Ahsa?
When did Abd al-Aziz Al Saud capture Al-Ahsa?
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What was the duration of Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim's rule in Qatar?
What was the duration of Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim's rule in Qatar?
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What was Sheikh Abdullah concerned about in 1913?
What was Sheikh Abdullah concerned about in 1913?
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What did the British aim to prevent through the Treaty of Darin?
What did the British aim to prevent through the Treaty of Darin?
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What was the purpose of the Treaty of Darin of 1915?
What was the purpose of the Treaty of Darin of 1915?
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What was the Treaty of 1916?
What was the Treaty of 1916?
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Who signed the Treaty of 1916?
Who signed the Treaty of 1916?
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What was one of the conditions of the Treaty of 1916?
What was one of the conditions of the Treaty of 1916?
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Why did the British want to prevent other powers from influencing Qatar after the Ottoman forces left in 1915?
Why did the British want to prevent other powers from influencing Qatar after the Ottoman forces left in 1915?
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What led to the British opportunity to create a new agreement with Qatar in 1915?
What led to the British opportunity to create a new agreement with Qatar in 1915?
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What was Sheikh Abdullah's primary goal with the Treaty of 1916?
What was Sheikh Abdullah's primary goal with the Treaty of 1916?
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Why was the region in a grave economic crisis during World War I?
Why was the region in a grave economic crisis during World War I?
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What led to the British and American companies exploring the area?
What led to the British and American companies exploring the area?
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What was a consequence of the Ottoman forces' control over Qatar?
What was a consequence of the Ottoman forces' control over Qatar?
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What was Sheikh Abdullah's initial response to the British proposal to build an airport in Doha?
What was Sheikh Abdullah's initial response to the British proposal to build an airport in Doha?
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Why did Sheikh Abdullah agree to build an airport in Rayyan?
Why did Sheikh Abdullah agree to build an airport in Rayyan?
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When was the Doha airport established?
When was the Doha airport established?
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Who received the first British plane in Doha?
Who received the first British plane in Doha?
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What was the purpose of the first British plane that landed in Doha?
What was the purpose of the first British plane that landed in Doha?
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Why did the British want to establish an airport in Qatar?
Why did the British want to establish an airport in Qatar?
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What was the reason for the border disputes between Qatar and its neighbors?
What was the reason for the border disputes between Qatar and its neighbors?
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What was the outcome of the border crisis with Saudi Arabia in 1934?
What was the outcome of the border crisis with Saudi Arabia in 1934?
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What was the impact of the Second World War on the oil exploration process in Qatar?
What was the impact of the Second World War on the oil exploration process in Qatar?
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When did the exporting of oil from Qatar start?
When did the exporting of oil from Qatar start?
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What was the significance of 1949 in the history of Qatar?
What was the significance of 1949 in the history of Qatar?
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Which company was granted a concession for surveying Qatar’s offshore waters?
Which company was granted a concession for surveying Qatar’s offshore waters?
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The Anglo-Persian Oil Company was granted a concession to survey Qatar’s offshore waters.
The Anglo-Persian Oil Company was granted a concession to survey Qatar’s offshore waters.
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The border crisis with Saudi Arabia lasted from 1934 to 2001.
The border crisis with Saudi Arabia lasted from 1934 to 2001.
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The British government played a significant role in resolving the border disputes between Qatar and its neighbors.
The British government played a significant role in resolving the border disputes between Qatar and its neighbors.
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The first signs of oil began to flow from Dukhan in 1949.
The first signs of oil began to flow from Dukhan in 1949.
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Qatar began to benefit from oil and entered a new phase of political, economic, and social development in 1949.
Qatar began to benefit from oil and entered a new phase of political, economic, and social development in 1949.
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The Qatar Petroleum Company was a British company.
The Qatar Petroleum Company was a British company.
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The American company found oil in Qatar's offshore waters in 1938.
The American company found oil in Qatar's offshore waters in 1938.
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The British company Qatar Petroleum was granted a concession for surveying Qatar's offshore waters.
The British company Qatar Petroleum was granted a concession for surveying Qatar's offshore waters.
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Sheikh Abdullah bin Abdullah signed a new agreement with the British company in 1952.
Sheikh Abdullah bin Abdullah signed a new agreement with the British company in 1952.
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The Anglo-Persian Oil Company operated in Qatar during World War II.
The Anglo-Persian Oil Company operated in Qatar during World War II.
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Qatar's economy deteriorated due to the halt in oil explorations from 1939 to 1949.
Qatar's economy deteriorated due to the halt in oil explorations from 1939 to 1949.
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The new agreement signed in 1952 granted Qatar 50% of the profits from the oil company.
The new agreement signed in 1952 granted Qatar 50% of the profits from the oil company.
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The United States was granted a concession for surveying Qatar’s offshore waters in 1935.
The United States was granted a concession for surveying Qatar’s offshore waters in 1935.
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Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim successfully forced the British to allow the United States to enter the oil survey process in Qatar.
Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim successfully forced the British to allow the United States to enter the oil survey process in Qatar.
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The British signed a new agreement with Qatar in 1935 due to the discovery of oil in the region.
The British signed a new agreement with Qatar in 1935 due to the discovery of oil in the region.
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The border disputes between Qatar and its neighbors were resolved in the early 20th century.
The border disputes between Qatar and its neighbors were resolved in the early 20th century.
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The economic crisis during World War I led to increased oil exploration in Qatar.
The economic crisis during World War I led to increased oil exploration in Qatar.
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The Anglo-Persian Oil Company was granted a concession for surveying Qatar’s onshore waters.
The Anglo-Persian Oil Company was granted a concession for surveying Qatar’s onshore waters.
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Study Notes
Ottoman Exit and British Interests
- The departure of Ottoman forces from Doha in 1915 allowed the British to seek new agreements with Qatar.
- The British aimed to prevent rival powers, such as the US, Japan, and Russia, from gaining influence in the Gulf region.
- A grave economic crisis during World War I heightened the British urgency to secure their interests amid increased piracy and a burgeoning weapons trade in Qatar.
- Oil was discovered in Masjid Soliman, Iran, in 1908, prompting British and American exploration in the area.
Sheikh Abdullah's Goals and the 1916 Treaty
- Sheikh Abdullah sought British recognition of his son, Sheikh Hamad, as the crown prince to establish a smooth transition of power.
- The 1916 Treaty represented British protection over Qatar, requiring Sheikh Abdullah to cooperate against the slave trade, piracy, and arms trading.
Political Developments in Qatar (1913-1949)
- Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim ruled Qatar from 1913 to 1949, marking a transformative period for the country.
- Important regional changes included the end of Ottoman influence and the rise of Saudi Arabia as a significant power.
- The fall of Al-Ahsa in 1913 raised concerns regarding Abd al-Aziz Al Saud's expansionist intentions towards Qatar.
The British Response to Saudi Influence
- The Treaty of Darin (1915) was established to prevent Abd al-Aziz from interfering in Qatar and nearby Gulf emirates.
- The British sought to solidify Qatar's sovereignty to counter Saudi influence and prevent territorial ambitions.
Transformations in British-Qatari Relations
- British policy adapted in the 1930s, leading to a new agreement with Qatar in 1935 to further solidify their influence post-World War I.
- Sheikh Abdullah negotiated the establishment of an airport in Rayyan under the condition of British protection for Qatar against tribal threats.
Oil Exploration and Economic Transitions
- British control over Gulf oil exploration heightened after World War I, leading to concessions granted to companies like Anglo-Persian.
- Border disputes emerged between Qatar and neighboring countries, especially with Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, complicating the geopolitical landscape.
- Oil exploration in Qatar commenced in 1935, but significant findings began in 1939. Full-scale oil export started in December 1949.
Shift in Major Oil Companies and International Relations
- The Qatar Petroleum Company emerged as a significant player in the oil sector, prompting Sheikh Abdullah to grant offshore surveying concessions to Superior Oil.
- Disputes over concessions led to adjudication, with a 1950 ruling favoring Sheikh Abdullah regarding offshore exploration rights.
- Post-World War II, American companies began to rival British dominance in the region, marking a shift in Gulf geopolitics.
Economic Impact of World War II
- Qatar faced significant economic downturn from 1939 to 1949 due to halted oil explorations amidst the war effort, causing local livelihoods to suffer.
- Despite economic challenges, the period set the stage for Qatar's eventual oil boom and subsequent development in politics, economy, and society.
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Description
This quiz explores Qatar's political development during the reign of Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim from 1913 to 1949. It covers the emergence of new powers in the Gulf region, British policy towards Qatar, and the significance of the 1916 Treaty.
