Human Anatomy Week 10 - (Notes)
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Questions and Answers

What structure forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

  • Subscapularis
  • Teres minor
  • Pectoralis major
  • Scapula and teres major (correct)

Which branch is NOT a component of the second part of the axillary artery?

  • Thoracoacromial trunk
  • Anterior circumflex humeral artery
  • Supreme thoracic artery (correct)
  • Lateral thoracic artery

What anatomical landmark indicates the transition from the axillary artery to the brachial artery?

  • Lateral border of the pectoralis major
  • Insertion of the subscapularis
  • Border of the teres major (correct)
  • Border of the 4th rib

Which artery supplies blood to the anterior aspect of the humerus?

<p>Anterior circumflex humeral artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle lies on top of the thoracic wall to contribute to the medial wall of the axilla?

<p>Serratus anterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein does the cephalic vein join to return blood to the shoulder region?

<p>Axillary vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fat in the axilla?

<p>Act as insulation and protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The axillary artery transforms into which artery at the teres major?

<p>Brachial artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main arterial supply to the scapula from the axillary artery?

<p>Subscapular artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the three segments of the axillary artery?

<p>Pectoralis minor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

<p>Muscular innervation to the anterior arm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the radial nerve emerge after wrapping around the humerus?

<p>On the anterior side of the humerus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with the ulnar nerve?

<p>Cubital tunnel syndrome. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What area is primarily innervated by the median nerve?

<p>Thumb and first three digits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common site for radial nerve injury?

<p>Spiral groove. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve traverses anteriorly to the brachial artery and enters the cubital fossa?

<p>Median nerve. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensory innervation provided by the ulnar nerve?

<p>Fifth digit and half of the fourth digit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the axillary nerve?

<p>It provides sensory information over the deltoid muscle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is NOT innervated by the lower subscapular nerve?

<p>Latissimus dorsi. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does the radial nerve innervate?

<p>Triceps. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the terminal branch of the lateral cord that primarily innervates flexor muscles in the arm?

<p>Musculocutaneous nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cervical roots combine to form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

<p>C5 and C6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as a critical scapular stabilizer and arises from roots C5, C6, and C7?

<p>Long thoracic nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which axillary lymph node receives drainage primarily from the breast?

<p>Pectoral node (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm?

<p>Provide sensory innervation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the posterior cord of the brachial plexus is correct?

<p>It is located posterior to the axillary artery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve directly emerges from the roots of the brachial plexus and innervates the rhomboids?

<p>Dorsal scapular nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what anatomical location do trunks of the brachial plexus divide into anterior and posterior divisions?

<p>Posterior to the clavicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, important for rotator cuff function?

<p>Suprascapular nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication may occur due to the removal of lymph nodes during post-breast cancer surgery?

<p>Impaired lymphatic drainage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Radial Nerve Course

Originates from the posterior cord, travels posterior to the humerus, loops around the elbow, and continues into the anterior forearm, innervating extensors.

Median Nerve Course

Originates from lateral and medial cords; passes through cubital fossa, between pronator teres muscles, and through the carpal tunnel; innervates anterior forearm flexors and hand muscles.

Ulnar Nerve Course

Originates from medial cord; travels medial arm, passes posterior to the medial epicondyle, then through Guyon's canal; innervates the small muscles of the hand and medial digits

Axillary Nerve

Innervates deltoid and teres minor muscles; provides sensory to the lateral upper arm

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Posterior Cord Branches

Supplies nerves to posterior arm and forearm muscles (extensors).

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Median Nerve Injuries

Impingement potential occurs at pronator teres and carpal tunnel.

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Ulnar Nerve Injuries

Impingement potential in cubital tunnel and Guyon's canal.

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Radial Nerve Injuries

Impingement risk in the spiral groove during deep penetration

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Brachial Plexus Injury

Damage may include signs and symptoms of superior trunk impairment.

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Radial Nerve Damage

Impaired extension movements in the arm and forearm.

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Axilla Boundaries

The axilla is a pyramid-shaped space between the arm and upper trunk (armpit). It's bordered by the 1st rib, clavicle, scapula, and 4th rib.

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Axilla Contents

The axilla contains nerves (brachial plexus), blood vessels (axillary artery & vein), lymphatic vessels, and fat.

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Axillary Artery Parts

The axillary artery has 3 parts, separated by the pec minor. Each part has specific branches.

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Axillary Artery Branches (Part 1)

The first part gives off the superior thoracic artery, supplying the chest wall areas.

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Axillary Artery Branches (Part 2)

The second part branches into the thoracoacromial trunk supplying deltoid, pectoral, clavicular, and acromial areas.

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Axillary Artery Branches (Part 3)

The third part gives rise to the subscapular, posterior & anterior circumflex humeral arteries. supplying the shoulder and upper arm, and subscapular muscles.

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Brachial Artery

The axillary artery changes its name to the brachial artery as it descends.

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Brachial Artery Branches

The brachial artery branches into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow.

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Subclavian to Axillary

The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery as it passes through the axilla

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Basilic and Cephalic Veins

Major veins draining the upper limb. The basilic vein runs along the medial and cephalic vein along the lateral, draining into the axillary vein.

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Axillary Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes located in the armpit (axilla), important for draining lymph from the breast and upper limb, and a common site for breast cancer metastasis.

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Brachial Plexus

Network of nerves from C5-T1 spinal nerves that supply the arm and shoulder.

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Brachial Plexus Roots

Ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves that form the trunks.

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Brachial Plexus Trunks

Superior, middle, and inferior divisions formed by the merging of nerve roots.

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Brachial Plexus Divisions

Anterior and posterior divisions that branch from the trunks.

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Brachial Plexus Cords

Lateral, medial, and posterior cords formed by the rejoining of divisions, critical for arm innervation.

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Long Thoracic Nerve

Nerve from C5, C6, and C7 that innervates the serratus anterior muscle, a crucial stabilizer for the scapula.

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Suprascapular Nerve

Nerve from the superior trunk (C5-C6) that innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, important for rotator cuff function.

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Musculocutaneous Nerve

A nerve that provides motor to the anterior muscles of the arm and sensory to the lateral forearm.

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Medial Pectoral Nerve

Innervates the lower portions of the pectoralis major and minor muscles.

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