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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'self-concept' represent?

  • The perception others have of an individual
  • The ideal person one wishes to become
  • The awareness of one's identity and thoughts about oneself (correct)
  • The societal roles one is expected to play

    • Which of the following best describes the 'real self'?

  • The self that embodies one's aspirations and dreams
  • The self that is shaped by negative feedback from others
  • The self that represents actual experiences and comfort with being oneself (correct)
  • The self that is influenced by societal expectations

    • How does self-esteem primarily develop according to social interactions?

  • It is fixed and not influenced by others
  • It remains unchanged regardless of life experiences
  • It develops through negative responses from others
  • It is shaped by the comparison with others and their responses (correct)

    • What is the primary difference between 'real self' and 'ideal self'?

    <p>Real self comprises one's experiences while ideal self comprises one's aspirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does 'self-image' influence according to the content?

    <p>How an individual thinks, feels, and behaves in their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is associated with the development of the self theory?

    <p>Dr. Carl Rogers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information, which of the following describes 'ideal self'?

    <p>Embodies goals and ambitions one strives to achieve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can affect one's self-image as described in the content?

    <p>Personal experiences and feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an adolescent's first ejaculation or nocturnal emission?

    <p>Semenarche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to the belief that others are paying more attention to one’s appearance than they actually are?

    <p>Imaginary audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a person with a low self-esteem?

    <p>They may not perceive themselves as beautiful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a societal ideal for women’s body image?

    <p>Muscled physique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a healthy body image characterized?

    <p>Acceptance of one’s body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a cultural or societal level analysis of identity?

    <p>Cultural concept of oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the material self refer to in the context of identity?

    <p>Possessions as representations of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with a poor body image?

    <p>Negative feelings about physical appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is commonly associated with Eastern people compared to Western people?

    <p>Submissive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes self-awareness?

    <p>Recognizing one's own thoughts and how they affect interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'puberty' refer to?

    <p>A brain-neuroendocrine process triggering rapid changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of self-understanding involves questioning the motivations behind one’s thoughts and actions?

    <p>Self-reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily defines a healthy self-image?

    <p>Acceptance of oneself and being loved by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by self-knowledge?

    <p>Understanding of one's own strengths and weaknesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a defining trait of an individual's physical characteristics?

    <p>Behavioral patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a positive self-image affect an individual's overall well-being?

    <p>It boosts mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Me' refer to in William James' theory of self?

    <p>The self that engages in self-reflection and observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'I' aspect of self according to William James?

    <p>The agent that perceives and acts in the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does William James categorize the self in terms of mental processes?

    <p>As a self that can be both an object and a perceiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exemplifies the 'Me' aspect of the self?

    <p>Reflecting on one's character traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the 'I' play when an individual adapts to a new situation?

    <p>It actively engages with the new environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of the 'I' when making daily decisions?

    <p>Deciding what to eat for breakfast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to William James, which of the following aspects does not describe the 'Me'?

    <p>Authoring new life decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    William James' theory of the self emphasizes the distinction between which two aspects?

    <p>The objective view and the subjective experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences the development of self-concepts in consumers?

    <p>Cultural factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to an individual's identification as male, female, or something else?

    <p>Gender Identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the 'economic self'?

    <p>Self-interest in economic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of love as described in the content?

    <p>Concern for others' well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes asexuality?

    <p>A lack of sexual attraction to either sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'androgyny' refer to in terms of gender identification?

    <p>A combination of masculine and feminine traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'hypersexual'?

    <p>A person with excessive sexual interest causing life problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of consumer behavior does 'economic self-interest' reflect?

    <p>Financial motivations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Eros love?

    <p>Strong sexual and emotional components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of love is primarily based on friendship and nonsexual affection?

    <p>Storge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the characteristics of Ludus love?

    <p>Love as a game without serious emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of love is characterized by high physiological arousal and may fade quickly?

    <p>Infatuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Mania love?

    <p>It involves obsessive feelings and possessiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which love type involves only commitment without intimacy or passion?

    <p>Empty love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In John Lee's love styles, which type emphasizes physical attraction and is often short-lived?

    <p>Eros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Romantic love and Liking in Sternberg's types of love?

    <p>Romantic love involves passion; Liking does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychology - The Psychological Self

    • The psychological self is the study of the mind (mental processes) and behavior.
    • William James, an American philosopher and psychologist, proposed a theory of self.
    • The "Me" (self as an object): This perspective of self involves viewing oneself as an object, including self-concept, self-descriptions, and personal attributes. Examples include physical appearance, personal attributes, hobbies, and social roles.
    • The "I" (self as a perceiver): This perspective emphasizes the active and subjective experience of being the observer. This represents personal agency and decision-making in life. Examples include making decisions, experiencing emotions, and adapting to new situations.
    • The self is the humanistic term for who we really are.
    • Self-concept is our idea of who we are.
    • Researchers such as Carl Rogers and his theory of self (self-concept).
    • The self includes physical aspects.
    • The self includes internal and external representations.

    Different components of the Self-Concept

    • Self-image: How we view ourselves, which doesn't always have to align with reality.
    • Self-esteem/Self-worth: The value placed on ourselves, influenced by how others perceive us. Positive responses are associated with higher self-esteem; negative perceptions may affect self-esteem negatively.
    • Real Self: Represents our actual experiences and who we are.
    • Ideal Self: Represents our goals and ambitions for who we want to be.

    The Self in Western and Eastern Thought

    • Eastern cultures tend to be collectivist, prioritizing the group over the individual. "We" consciousness is important.
    • Western cultures are individualistic, emphasizing the individual and self-reliance. "I" consciousness is prominent.
    • Cultural background shapes our understanding of "who we are."
    • East Asians (including China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and Mongolia), Southeast Asians (including Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos) and others are mentioned.

    Physical Self

    • The physical self refers to the physical body and its aspects.
    • Physical characteristics are defining traits of a person's body.
    • Sigmund Freud associated developing self and personality with the physical embodiment.
    • The development of a healthy self-image is important.
    • Puberty involves rapid physical changes.
    • Menarche and Spermarche both mark the transition into adulthood.

    The Material Self

    • The material self includes tangible objects (possessions) and people/places connected to us.
    • Material possessions represent our identities.
    • Possessions contribute to how people define themselves, their status and values.
    • Material possessions impact relationships and feelings through their symbolic representations.

    Needs and Wants

    • Needs are essential for survival. Examples include basic requirements necessary for survival. Needs are limited/essential and relatively constant over time-often not changeable.
    • Wants are what we desire, beyond basic necessities. These are unlimited/inessential. Wants can change over time, driven by impulses and desires.

    Sexual Self

    • Sexuality is the experience of being in a romantic relationship or attraction and physical intimacy.
    • Gender identity: The sense of being male, female, both, or neither.
    • Gender role: Societal expectations for how men and women should act and feel.
    • Sexual orientation: The direction of one's attraction, including heterosexual, homosexual (gay/lesbian, bisexual, etc).
    • Sexual behavior includes a variety of human relationships.

    Differences between Eastern and Western cultures are discussed

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