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Questions and Answers

Which structure carries deoxygenated blood into the Right Atrium?

  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Vena Cava (correct)
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary Vein

    • What is the function of the Pulmonary Vein?

  • Carries oxygenated blood to all organ systems
  • Carries deoxygenated blood from the Right Ventricle
  • Carries oxygenated blood to the Left Atrium (correct)
  • Carries deoxygenated blood away from the lungs

    • Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Respiratory System?

  • If air accumulates in the pleural space, it results in Pneumothorax.
  • Pleural membrane surrounds and separates each lobe of each lung.
  • Pneumothorax can be treated by Thoracentesis.
  • During inhalation, the lungs compress to aid airflow. (correct)

    • Which organ does NOT belong in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules pass from alveoli to blood?

    <p>Simple Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body system is made up of all hormone-producing glands?

    <p>Endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cells called that are part of nervous tissue but are not neurons?

    <p>Neuroglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When ATP is discharged, it transforms into which of the following?

    <p>ADP + P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bonds hold amino acids in a protein chain?

    <p>Peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

    <p>Left Atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition involves inflammation of the urinary bladder with frequent and painful urination?

    <p>Cystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the anatomical structures of the Renal System is NOT true?

    <p>Renal Pelvis drains the urine directly into the Urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sphincter that controls the rate of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum called?

    <p>Pyloric Sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of converting liquid oils into solid fats known as?

    <p>Hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the Nephron does blood filtration occur?

    <p>Bowman’s Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cell governs cell division?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common source of trans fats?

    <p>Margarine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is primarily involved in hydrophobic interactions?

    <p>Oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does atelectasis refer to?

    <p>Partial or complete lung collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the respiratory tract anatomy is INCORRECT?

    <p>The larynx contains smooth muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about energy and matter is NOT true?

    <p>Solid has the highest energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct breakdown of a balanced diet?

    <p>20% calories from fat, 30% carbohydrates, and 50% protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess dietary fat in the body?

    <p>Stored in the adipose tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for connecting the throat to the larynx?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pleura in the pleural cavity?

    <p>Facilitates movement of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During anaerobic respiration, which of the following is the most ATP that can be produced from one molecule of glucose?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the mitochondria?

    <p>Controls cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the villi in the small intestine?

    <p>To absorb nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which high-energy bond in ATP is broken to release energy?

    <p>Between the second and third phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes homeostasis?

    <p>The ability to maintain a stable internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limit of glycogen storage in the body?

    <p>About 8 lb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quadrant of the abdomen contains the liver?

    <p>RUQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of connective tissue is primarily found in tendons and ligaments?

    <p>Fibrous CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food is least likely to be a good source of antioxidants?

    <p>Butter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about DNA is NOT true?

    <p>Ribose is the central sugar in DNA monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about chemical bonds is NOT correct?

    <p>Hydrogen bond is a type of covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue cannot use ketones as a sole source of energy?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in animal fat is classified as which type of disease prevention?

    <p>Primary disease prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body cavity contains the heart?

    <p>Pericardial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT true about the structure of atoms?

    <p>The third electron orbit can hold a maximum of 16 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when copying a single gene from the DNA library?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a low fat, high sugar diet primarily increase the production of?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can amino acids be converted into based on metabolic pathways?

    <p>Acetyl Groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reflex arc, which part carries action potential toward the CNS?

    <p>Sensory Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Skeletal muscle contraction is stimulated by which type of neurons?

    <p>Somatic Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a similarity between Protein Pump and Facilitated Diffusion?

    <p>Both involve membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Abdominal Quadrants and Organs

    • Appendix is located in the right lower quadrant (RLQ)
    • Spleen is located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ)
    • Liver is located in the right upper quadrant (RUQ)

    Filtration in Nephrons

    • Filtrate moves from Bowman's capsule into the Proximal Convoluted Tubule
    • Filtrate moves from the Proximal Convoluted Tubule to the Loop of Henle
    • Filtrate moves from the Loop of Henle to the Distal Convoluted Tubule
    • Filtrate moves from the Distal Convoluted Tubule to the Collecting Duct

    Monomers and Polymers

    • Monomers are combined to form polymers through dehydration reactions
    • Polymers are broken down into monomers through hydrolysis reactions

    Cell Function and Organelles

    • The cytoplasm is the fluid medium that surrounds and supports organelles
    • The cytoplasmic membrane separates the cell from its outside
    • The vacuole serves as a container
    • Mitochondria produce most ATP
    • Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes
    • Centrioles govern cell division

    Protein Bonds

    • Peptide bonds hold amino acids together in a protein chain

    Energy Production and Fat Metabolism

    • During starvation, glycogen stores are used first
    • When glycogen stores deplete, the body uses fats as an energy source
    • Excess fats are stored in adipocytes

    Other Metabolic Processes

    • Deamination of amino acids produces ammonia as a byproduct
    • Ammonia is converted into urea by the liver
    • Urea, a less toxic form of ammonia, is excreted by the kidneys

    Types of Muscle Tissue

    • Skeletal muscles are striped, consciously controlled, and contain multiple nuclei
    • Cardiac muscles are branched, contain intercalated discs, and contain multiple nuclei
    • Smooth muscles are non-striped, contain a single nucleus, and are found in internal organs

    Organic Compounds

    • Organic compounds contain carbon

    Body Cavities

    • The dorsal cavity houses the brain and spinal cord
    • The pericardial cavity contains the heart
    • The abdominal cavity contains the liver, stomach, intestines, and other organs.
    • The pelvic cavity contains rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
    • The pleural cavity contains the lungs

    Other Important Information

    • The lowest form of energy is heat, and the highest is light
    • A balanced diet has 20% calories from fat, 50% calories from carbohydrates, and 30% calories from protein.
    • Excess dietary fat is stored as is.
    • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a high-energy compound used for cellular work
    • The components of an ATP are adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups and the high energy bond is between the second and third phosphate group.
    • The process of copying a single gene from the DNA library yields mRNA
    • Simple diffusion moves molecules down a concentration gradient
    • Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a cell membrane
    • During starvation, the body first uses glycogen for glucose but when glycogen stores are used up it then uses fats for energy
    • The brain needs glucose and cannot use ketones for energy.

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