Python Strings and Input/Output

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Questions and Answers

What happens in Python when you try to modify a string directly using indexing, like s[0] = 'b' if s = 'car'?

  • The first character of `s` is replaced, but a warning is issued.
  • Python raises an error because strings are immutable. (correct)
  • The string `s` becomes `bar`.
  • Python creates a new string object `bar` and binds `s` to it.

Given s = 'abcdefgh', what is the result of s[3:6:2]?

  • `de`
  • `df` (correct)
  • `ef`
  • `def`

If you input 123 in response to the prompt from the input() function, what data type will the value be?

  • `str` (correct)
  • `int`
  • `float`
  • `bool`

What is the key characteristic of an if-elif-else block in Python?

<p>The block corresponding to the first true condition is executed, and the rest are skipped. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for strings to be considered a 'sequence'?

<p>Strings are a series of characters where each character has a specific position or index. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use str(variable) when concatenating a number variable with a string in a print statement?

<p>To ensure the number is interpreted as a string rather than a numerical value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the len() function when used with strings?

<p>It returns the number of characters in the string. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Python, how do comparison operators such as == and != behave differently from the assignment operator =?

<p><code>==</code> and <code>!=</code> test for equality or inequality and return boolean values, while <code>=</code> assigns a value to a variable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a = True and b = False, what is the result of (a or b) and not b?

<p><code>True</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Python determine which code block to execute in a branching statement (if, elif, else)?

<p>By evaluating the conditions and executing the block corresponding to the first <code>True</code> condition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of indentation in Python code?

<p>To indicate the start and end of code blocks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using the input() function, how should you handle the user's response if you need it to be a numerical value for calculations?

<p>Explicitly convert the input using <code>int()</code> or <code>float()</code> before using it in calculations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are expressions placed inside curly braces evaluated in f-strings?

<p>They are evaluated at runtime and converted to strings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about f-strings is correct?

<p>F-strings are indicated by the <code>f</code> prefix before the string literal and allow embedded expressions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider this code:

num = 10
print(f'The number is {num * 2}')

What will the value of variable num be after the code runs?

<p><code>10</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Python, what happens if you try to slice a string using indices that are out of bounds?

<p>Python adjusts the indices to fit within the string's bounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct way to read an integer value from the user using the input() function?

<p><code>num = int(input())</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using comparison operators with strings, what is one important consideration to keep in mind?

<p>String comparisons are case-sensitive, meaning that 'March' is different from 'march'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the expression 'hello' + ' ' + 'world'?

<p><code>'hello world'</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the following code?

x = 5
y = 10
if x > y:
    print("x is greater than y")
elif x < y:
    print("x is less than y")
else:
    print("x is equal to y")

<p>x is less than y (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the string s = 'python', which of the following expressions would return the substring 'thon'?

<p><code>s[3:6]</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a user enters 7 when prompted by the following code, what will be printed?

num = input("Enter a number: ")
print(num * 3)

<p><code>777</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid way to create a string in Python?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of indentation within if, elif, and else blocks in Python?

<p>It tells the interpreter which statements belong to which block. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given s = "programming", what will s[::-1] return?

<p><code>&quot;gnimmargorp&quot;</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the else block in an if-elif-else structure?

<p>The <code>else</code> block is executed only if none of the <code>if</code> or <code>elif</code> conditions are true. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you need to get numerical input from a user and perform calculations, what is the correct approach using input()?

<p>Read the value using <code>input()</code> and convert it to an integer using <code>int()</code> or float using <code>float()</code> before performing calculations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given two boolean variables, a and b, which logical operator returns True only if both a and b are True?

<p><code>and</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With the string s = 'example string', what is the result of s[::2]?

<p><code>'eaml tig'</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have the following code block:

x = 10
y = 5
if x > y:
 z = x + y
print(z)

Why does the code produce an error?

<p>Indentation error for <code>print(z)</code>. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given two strings, str1 = 'hello' and str2 = 'HELLO', what will str1 == str2 evaluate to?

<p><code>False</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the snippet:

name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name + "!")

If a user enters Alice, what will the script display?

<p>Hello, Alice! (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the code

x = "world"
y = len(x)
print(x[y-1])

What will be printed?

<p><code>d</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider

if 5 > 3 and 2 < 4:
 print("Both conditions are true")
else:
 print("At least one condition is false")

What will be the output?

<p>Both conditions are true (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a user inputs the string "42", what will the type of the variable receiving this input be?

<p>String (<code>str</code>) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

String

A sequence of case-sensitive characters.

Concatenate

Joins strings together.

Length of a string

The number of characters in a given string.

Indexing

Accessing a character in a string by its position.

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Slicing

Extracting a portion of a string.

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Immutable Strings

Strings cannot be directly modified after creation.

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Print

A command used to display output to the console.

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Input

Function to receive input from the user.

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F-strings

A notation to embed expressions inside string literals.

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Branching

A construct that runs certain code blocks when given conditions are true.

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Equality Test

An operator that tests for equivalence between two values.

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Boolean

An operator that evaluates to either true or false.

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Not Operator

An operator that negates logic.

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And Operator

An operator that tests if both conditions are true.

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Or Operator

An operator that tests if at least one condition is true.

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Indentation

Signifies blocks of code.

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Study Notes

Strings

  • Strings are sequences of case-sensitive characters that can include letters, special characters, spaces, and digits
  • Strings are enclosed in quotation marks or single quotes and you should be consistent about the quotes you use
  • You can concatenate and repeat strings

String Operations

  • len() Function is used to retrieve the length of a string
  • Indexing uses square brackets to get the value at a certain index/position
  • Indexing always starts at 0.
  • The index of the last element is len(s) - 1 or -1
  • You can slice strings using [start:stop:step]
  • Default step is 1
  • Strings are "immutable" and cannot be modified

Input/Output

  • The print command is used to display output to the console
  • Separate objects by commas in the print function to have them output separated by spaces
  • Concatenate strings together using + to print as a single object
  • The input command returns an str and binds it to a variable
  • You must cast the input to the desired type if working with numbers

Conditions for Branching

  • In computer science, there are two notions of equal: Assignment and Equality test
  • The assignment operator = changes the stored value of a variable to a new value
  • The equality operator == tests for equality, does not perform binding, replaces the entire line with True or False
  • Comparison operators evaluate to the type Boolean which has two values: True and False
  • Logical operators are used on bool (Boolean)
  • The if statement executes code within the if block when the condition is True, or code within an else block when the condition is False
  • The elif keyword allows you to check multiple conditions in a sequence
  • Indentation matters in Python!
  • Run the first block whose corresponding condition is True
  • The else block runs when no conditions were True

Summary

  • Strings are sequences of characters with the first one at index 0 and can be indexed and sliced
  • Input is done with the input command
  • Anything the user inputs is read as a string object
  • Output is done with the print commandObjects that are printed in a .py code file will be visible in the shell
  • Branching provides the ability to execute code blocks when conditions are true
  • In an if-elif-elif structure, the first condition that is True is executed
  • Indentation matters in Python!

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