Python Programming Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What are the three main control flow constructs in programming?

Sequence, If condition, and Repetition (Loop/Iteration)

What is the primary purpose of programming instructions?

  • To create a cooking recipe
  • To define a problem
  • To provide instructions to a human
  • To convert inputs into outputs (correct)

    • In the ransom note problem, what is the output if the ransom note is 'aa' and the magazine is 'aab'?

  • true (correct)
  • false

    • What data type is assigned to the expression '2.0'?

    <p>float</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'type()' function in Python?

    <p>To determine the data type of an object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Python module? Provide an example.

    <p>A Python module is a file containing definitions and statements, such as functions, variables, and instructions. An example is the 'math' module, which provides mathematical functions like 'sqrt()'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does every Python object possess?

    <p>A data type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a data type?

    <p>A data type defines the kind of data a variable can hold, the operations allowed on it, and its representation in memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the Python data types introduced so far.

    <p>Integer, float, string, boolean, NoneType</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functions provide information about the object type?

    <p>The 'type()' and 'isinstance()' functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes high-level languages from low-level ones?

    <p>The level of abstraction provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between interpreted and compiled languages?

    <p>Compiled languages are translated into machine code before execution, while interpreted languages are executed line by line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Python is considered a high-level programming language.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the interactive interpreter in Python?

    <p>To execute Python code interactively, allowing for quick testing and exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you exit the interactive Python interpreter?

    <p>You can exit the interpreter by typing 'quit()', 'exit()', or using Ctrl+D.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a REPL?

    <p>Read-Eval-Print Loop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way Ipython provides feedback?

    <p>copy/paste code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the '<Tab>' key do in Ipython?

    <p>It triggers autocompletion, suggesting possible completions based on the input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ipython how do you run bash commands?

    <p>You prefix them with the character '!'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'Jupyter notebook'?

    <p>A web-based interactive environment that supports code, text, and visualizations in a single document.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the file extension for Jupyter notebooks?

    <p>.ipynb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by an expression in Python?

    <p>A combination of literals, variables, operators, and function calls that evaluates to a single value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of an expression?

    <p>Operators, operands, and literals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a statement in Python?

    <p>A line (or multiple lines) of code that does something, such as assigning a value to a variable or displaying information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Python script?

    <p>A text file that contains a sequence of Python instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you run a Python script?

    <p>By using the 'python' command followed by the script's filepath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shebang line?

    <p>A line at the beginning of a script, typically <code>#!/usr/bin/env python</code>, indicating the interpreter to use for execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The print function in Python accepts only one argument.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main ways of executing Python code?

    <p>Interactively using the interpreter or running a script.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function argument?

    <p>A value passed to a function when it is called, providing input to the function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you print something in Python?

    <p>You use the 'print()' function, passing the value you want to print as an argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a function, compared to sequential code execution?

    <p>Functions allow you to reuse code without rewriting it, improving program structure and making it easier to maintain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Python module?

    <p>A file containing Python code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does every Python object have?

    <p>Every Python object has a type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements is true about Python modules?

    <p>Python modules can be imported and used in other programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the interactive Python interpreter?

    <p>The interactive Python interpreter allows executing Python code line by line and provides immediate feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of using IPython over the standard Python interpreter?

    <p>IPython offers syntax highlighting, autocompletion, and enhanced copy/paste capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between expressions and statements in Python?

    <p>Expressions evaluate to a single value, while statements are code that does something.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an operator?

    <p>An operator performs an operation on one or more operands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shebang line in a Python script?

    <p>The shebang line specifies the interpreter to use when running the script.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you print something in Python using the print function?

    <p>You use the <code>print()</code> function and pass the value or variable you want to print as an argument.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Python Programming Fundamentals

    • Python is a set of instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem, converting inputs into outputs.
    • A program is like a cooking recipe, taking ingredients (input) to produce a dish (output).
    • Key programming concepts include: sequence (list of instructions), decision (if-then-else), and repetition (repeating instructions).
    • Python's popularity is prominent in Data Science & Machine Learning, currently.
    • Guido van Rossum created Python around 1990, inspired by Monty Python's Flying Circus.
    • Python 2.0 was released in 2000; Python 3.0 in 2008, introducing changes that were incompatible with older versions.
    • Python uses PEPs (Python Enhancement Proposals) for development; new versions are backward compatible.
    • Python code compiles to bytecode, a platform-independent low-level representation.
    • Bytecode is then executed by the Python Virtual Machine (Cpython, the default version is written in C).
    • Python is a high-level, dynamically-typed language; its type of variables can change during program execution.

    High-Level vs. Low-Level Languages

    • High-level languages are more user-friendly and abstract computer details.
    • Low-level languages give more control but demand more explicit instructions.
    • Python is considered an interpreted language that compiles into bytecode before running on the virtual machine.
    • High-level languages prioritize readability, while low-level languages prioritize execution speed.

    Interactive Interpreter

    • Use python in the terminal to start the interactive interpreter.
    • Use quit(), exit(), or Ctrl + D to close.
    • The interactive interpreter (REPL) allows users to test code and get immediate feedback.
    • The REPL reads, evaluates, and prints, then loops to the next instruction.
    • Modules (e.g. math) extend Python's functionality. Import modules with import module_name.
    • Python supports both positional arguments and keyword arguments.

    Data Types

    • Every Python object has a type (e.g. int, float, str, bool, NoneType).
    • Common data types include integers, floating point numbers, strings, Booleans. There is also NoneType.
    • type() function tells the type of an object.
    • isinstance() function checks if an object is of a specific type.

    Expressions and Statements

    • Expressions combine values, operators, and function calls to produce a single value. The interpreter calculates expressions.
      • Examples include mathematical operations, function calls, and literals (like "abc").
    • Statements, like assignment (=) and loops, perform actions; expressions often function as statements.
    • A pass statement is a no-operation placeholder.

    Running Python Programs

    • Python scripts are saved in .py files.
    • To run a Python script in the terminal, use: python script_name.py
    • Shebang lines like #!/usr/bin/env python direct the interpreter to use the correct Python.
    • Use chmod +x filename.py to make a file executable.
    • Print function outputs the result using print(). It supports multiple arguments separated by commas; optional arguments include end (newline character), and sep (separator used between arguments).

    Jupyter Notebooks

    • Jupyter notebooks combines code, narrative text (Markdown), and outputs in an interactive document.
    • Code cells in a Jupyter notebook can be executed individually.
    • Executed code outputs are displayed in the notebook.
    • The IPython kernel, frequently the default, runs the code in a Jupyter Notebook file.
    • JupyterLab is a more modern alternative to Jupyter Notebooks and has enhanced features.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of Python programming, including key programming principles like sequence, decision, and repetition. It provides insights into the history of Python, its versions, and how Python translates code into bytecode for execution. Test your understanding of Python's foundational elements!

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