Introduction to Python Programming

Introduction to Python

• Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language.
• It's known for its clear syntax, readability, and extensive libraries.
• Python supports various programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
• It's widely used in web development, data science, machine learning, scripting, and automation.

Core Data Types

• Numbers: Python supports integers (e.g., 10), floating-point numbers (e.g., 3.14), and complex numbers (e.g., 2+3j).
• Strings: Sequences of characters enclosed in single ('...') or double ("...") quotes.
• Booleans: Represent truth values: True or False.
• Lists: Ordered, mutable sequences of items. Can contain mixed data types.
• Tuples: Ordered, immutable sequences of items (cannot be changed after creation).
• Dictionaries: Unordered collections of key-value pairs. Keys must be immutable (e.g., strings, numbers).

Variables and Assignment

• Variables are used to store data.
• Variable names must start with a letter or underscore, followed by letters, numbers, or underscores.
• Assignment uses the = operator to store a value in a variable.

Operators

• Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, // (integer division), % (modulo), ** (exponentiation).
• Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=.
• Logical Operators: and, or, not.

Control Flow

• Conditional Statements (if-elif-else): Used to execute code blocks based on conditions.
• Loops (for and while): Used to repeatedly execute code blocks.
• for loop: Iterates over sequences (lists, tuples, strings).
• while loop: Iterates as long as a condition is true.

Functions

• Functions encapsulate blocks of reusable code.
• Functions are defined using the def keyword, followed by the function name and parameters.
• Functions can return values using the return statement.

Modules and Packages

• Modules contain collections of functions and classes.
• Packages group related modules together.
• Importing modules allows accessing their functionality. (e.g., import math, from math import sqrt).

File Handling

• Python provides functionalities for reading and writing to files.
• open() function is used to open files.
• Files can be opened in read ('r'), write ('w'), append ('a') modes.

Exception Handling

• Exception handling allows handling errors gracefully.
• try...except blocks are used to catch and handle specific exceptions.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• OOP is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.
• Objects encapsulate data (attributes) and methods (functions).
• Classes define blueprints for creating objects.
• Key features include inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

Data Structures

• Python supports various data structures including Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries and Sets
• Data structures are used to organize and store data effectively.

This quiz covers the basics of Python programming, including its core data types and variable assignments. You'll explore concepts like numbers, strings, lists, tuples, and dictionaries, which are fundamental to writing Python code. Test your understanding and solidify your knowledge of this versatile programming language!