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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the __init__ method in a class?
What is the main purpose of the __init__ method in a class?
What is the concept of hiding internal implementation details from the outside world?
What is the concept of hiding internal implementation details from the outside world?
What is the name of the special method that is called when an object is created?
What is the name of the special method that is called when an object is created?
What is the term for an object that is an instance of a class?
What is the term for an object that is an instance of a class?
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What is the purpose of the self parameter in the __init__ method?
What is the purpose of the self parameter in the __init__ method?
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What is the concept of showing only necessary information to the outside world?
What is the concept of showing only necessary information to the outside world?
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How do you define a class in Python?
How do you define a class in Python?
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What is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms?
What is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms?
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Study Notes
Object-Oriented Programming in Python
Classes and Objects
- A class is a blueprint for creating objects
- An object is an instance of a class
- Classes define properties (data) and behaviors (methods)
Class Syntax
- Define a class using the
classkeyword - Class names should follow the PascalCase convention (e.g.,
MyClass) - Indentation is used to define the class body
class MyClass:
# class body
Constructors (__init__ method)
- The
__init__method is a special method that is called when an object is created - It is used to initialize object attributes
- The
selfparameter refers to the current object being created
class MyClass:
def __init__(self, attr1, attr2):
self.attr1 = attr1
self.attr2 = attr2
Attributes and Methods
-
Attributes are data members of a class (e.g.,
attr1,attr2) -
Methods are functions that belong to a class (e.g.,
my_method) - Attributes and methods can be accessed using dot notation (e.g.,
my_object.attr1,my_object.my_method())
Inheritance
- Inheritance is a mechanism that allows one class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class
- The child class inherits from the parent class using the
class ChildClass(ParentClass):syntax - The child class can override or extend the parent class's attributes and methods
class ParentClass:
def my_method(self):
print("Parent method")
class ChildClass(ParentClass):
def my_method(self):
print("Child method")
Encapsulation and Abstraction
- Encapsulation is the concept of hiding internal implementation details from the outside world
- Abstraction is the concept of showing only necessary information to the outside world
- Python supports encapsulation and abstraction through the use of private attributes (prefixed with double underscore
__) and abstract methods
Polymorphism
- Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms
- Python supports polymorphism through method overriding and operator overloading
class Animal:
def sound(self):
print("Animal makes a sound")
class Dog(Animal):
def sound(self):
print("Dog barks")
Classes and Objects
- A class is a blueprint for creating objects, defining properties (data) and behaviors (methods)
- An object is an instance of a class, with its own set of attributes and methods
Class Syntax and Naming
- Define a class using the
classkeyword, following the PascalCase convention (e.g.,MyClass) - Class body is defined using indentation
Constructors (__init__ method)
-
__init__method is called when an object is created, used to initialize object attributes - The
selfparameter refers to the current object being created -
__init__method is used to set initial values for object attributes
Attributes and Methods
- Attributes are data members of a class (e.g.,
attr1,attr2) - Methods are functions belonging to a class (e.g.,
my_method()) - Attributes and methods can be accessed using dot notation (e.g.,
my_object.attr1,my_object.my_method())
Inheritance
- Inheritance allows a child class to inherit properties and behaviors from a parent class
- Child class inherits from parent class using
class ChildClass(ParentClass):syntax - Child class can override or extend parent class's attributes and methods
Encapsulation and Abstraction
- Encapsulation hides internal implementation details from the outside world
- Abstraction shows only necessary information to the outside world
- Python supports encapsulation and abstraction through private attributes (prefixed with double underscore
__) and abstract methods
Polymorphism
- Polymorphism allows an object to take on multiple forms
- Python supports polymorphism through method overriding and operator overloading
- Method overriding allows a child class to provide a specific implementation for a method already defined in its parent class
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Description
Learn about classes, objects, and constructors in Python's object-oriented programming. Understand class syntax, PascalCase convention, and indentation.
