Podcast
Questions and Answers
To convert a timezone aware datetime to another time zone, you can use the .______() method.
To convert a timezone aware datetime to another time zone, you can use the .______() method.
astimezone
A naive datetime in Python holds no information about the ______.
A naive datetime in Python holds no information about the ______.
time zone
To make a naive datetime timezone aware, you can use the ______() method from the tzlocal package.
To make a naive datetime timezone aware, you can use the ______() method from the tzlocal package.
localize
You can convert a string to a datetime using the ______() method from the datetime package.
You can convert a string to a datetime using the ______() method from the datetime package.
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The ______ package is designed to simplify working with datetimes compared to the built-in datetime module.
The ______ package is designed to simplify working with datetimes compared to the built-in datetime module.
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Naive datetimes lack ______ or daylight savings time information
Naive datetimes lack ______ or daylight savings time information
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You can get today's local date using ______.today()
You can get today's local date using ______.today()
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A ______ represents the difference between two dates or times
A ______ represents the difference between two dates or times
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To construct a time, use ______(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
To construct a time, use ______(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
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Use ______() to get the current UTC time with TZInfo=None
Use ______() to get the current UTC time with TZInfo=None
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The ______ library provides a database of time zones
The ______ library provides a database of time zones
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Construct a UTC time zone-aware datetime using ______
Construct a UTC time zone-aware datetime using ______
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To convert a UTC datetime to a specific timezone, use ______.astimezone()
To convert a UTC datetime to a specific timezone, use ______.astimezone()
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Study Notes
Naive vs. Aware Datetimes
- Naive datetimes lack timezone or daylight savings time information
- Aware datetimes contain timezone and daylight savings time information
- Naive datetimes easier to use when this level of detail is unnecessary
Working With Days
-
datetime.dateworks with year, month, and day - Construct a
dateusingdatetime.date(year, month, day) - Access individual attributes using
date.year,date.month,date.day - Get today's local date using
datetime.date.today() - Get weekday using
date.weekday()(Monday = 0, Sunday = 6) - Get ISO weekday using
date.isoweekday()(Monday = 1, Sunday = 7)
Time Deltas
- Represent the difference between two dates or times
- Created using
datetime.timedelta(days=...) - Adding or subtracting a
timedeltafrom a date produces a different date - Adding or subtracting a date from a date produces a
timedelta - Calculate days until an event using
birthdate - today.date()
Working with Time
-
datetime.timeworks with hour, minute, second, and microsecond - Construct a
timeusingdatetime.time(hour, minute, second, microsecond) - Access individual attributes using
time.hour,time.minute,time.second -
datetime.timeoften less used thandatetime.datetimefor time-related operations
Working with Datetime
-
datetime.datetimecombines date and time information - Construct a
datetimeusingdatetime.datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond) - Access date and time information using
datetime.dateanddatetime.time - Add or subtract
timedeltafrom adatetimeto manipulate time
Alternative Constructors
-
datetime.datetime.today()provides current local date and time withTZInfo=None -
datetime.datetime.now()can optionally take a timezone argument when constructing adatetime, otherwise,TZInfo=None -
datetime.datetime.utcnow()provides current UTC time withTZInfo=None - These constructors are convenient shortcuts for specific time-related information
Time Zones
- Python standard library offers basic timezone handling but
pytzlibrary is more practical -
pytzis a third-party library that provides a database of time zones - Install
pytzusing pip:pip install pytz - Always work in UTC when dealing with time zones
Constructing Timezone Aware Datetimes
- Construct a UTC time zone-aware datetime:
-
datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 26, 12, 30, 45, tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
-
- Get current UTC time zone-aware datetime:
-
datetime.datetime.now(tz=pytz.UTC)or -
datetime.datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
-
Converting Between Time Zones
- Convert a UTC datetime to a specific timezone:
-
dt_utc.astimezone(pytz.timezone('US/Mountain'))
-
- Convert a naive datetime to another timezone is not straightforward
- Using
pytz.timezoneto manipulate naive datetimes within a specific timezone is not supported.
Exploring Time Zones
- Print all available time zones:
-
for tz in pytz.all_timezones: print(tz)
-
- This list provides time zones for manipulation using
pytz.timezone
Naive DateTimes and Time Zones
-
A naive datetime in Python holds no information about the time zone, it's simply a date and time value.
-
Python provides a way to make a naive datetime timezone aware by using the
localize()method from thetzlocalpackage. -
To use
localize(), you need to know the time zone of the naive datetime, in the example the naive datetime is in Mountain Time.
Converting Between Time Zones
-
You can convert a timezone aware datetime to another time zone by using the
.astimezone()method. -
This method converts the datetime to the specified time zone and returns a new datetime object with the new time zone information.
Displaying Datetimes
-
You can display a datetime in ISO format using the
isoformat()method. -
To format a datetime in a specific way, use the
strftime()method and pass in a format string that specifies the desired format. -
Format codes are available in the Python documentation and let you convert a datetime to a string.
Converting Strings to Datetimes
-
You can convert a string to a datetime using the
strptime()method from thedatetimepackage. -
strptime()takes a string and a format string as arguments and returns a datetime object. -
This process is the opposite of
strftime(), which converts a datetime to a string.
Arrow Package
-
The
arrowpackage is a popular Python library for working with datetimes. -
It's designed to be easier to use than the built-in
datetimemodule. -
For most basic needs, the built-in
datetimemodule is sufficient.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Python datetime module, focusing on naive and aware datetimes, working with dates, and time deltas. Explore how to manipulate date and time effectively in your Python applications.
