Built-in Python Modules Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the datetime.timedelta object represent in Python's datetime module?

  • The current date and time
  • A specific point in time
  • The difference between two datetime objects (correct)
  • A date without a time component

Which module must be imported to use the sleep() function in Python?

  • datetime
  • math
  • time (correct)
  • threading

Which of the following is NOT a class provided by the datetime module?

  • datetime.date
  • datetime.datetimezone (correct)
  • datetime.timedelta
  • datetime.time

What will be the output of the code print(datetime.datetime.now())?

<p>A datetime object representing the current date and time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the functions found in the math module?

<p>To perform mathematical functions primarily on floats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using time.sleep(t), what does the argument 't' represent?

<p>The delay before the next line of code executes, in seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the datetime module is accurate?

<p>It allows for storing both date and time information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Python time sleep function affect program execution?

<p>It halts the execution of the specific thread only. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the math.ceil() function do?

<p>Returns the nearest integer greater than the given number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the value of pi be accessed using the math module?

<p>math.pi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions is used to compute the hyperbolic cosine of a number?

<p>math.cosh() (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the math.comb(n, k) function return?

<p>n choose k (the number of ways to choose k items from n) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the following code: from math import *; print(sqrt(16))?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of importing a module using 'import math as m'?

<p>Requires using the prefix 'm' to access functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about pseudo-random numbers?

<p>They are predictable but appear random (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you wanted to convert radians to degrees using the math module, which function would you use?

<p>math.degrees() (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error is raised when you try to add a string to an integer in Python?

<p>TypeError (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which exception is raised when a piece of code has a typo or syntax issue?

<p>SyntaxError (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you try to access an index that is out of range in a list?

<p>IndexError (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you try to divide a number by zero, which exception will be raised?

<p>ZeroDivisionError (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might a KeyError occur in a Python program?

<p>When trying to access a key that doesn't exist in a dictionary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the following code snippet? x = 5; y = 'hello'; try: z = x + y; except TypeError: print('Error: cannot add an int and a str')

<p>Error: cannot add an int and a str (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error occurs if an attribute is not found on an object?

<p>AttributeError (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exceptions is raised when trying to convert a string that doesn't represent a number into an integer?

<p>ValueError (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided try-except examples, which type of error is not caught explicitly in the first block of code shown?

<p>IndexError (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using a try-except statement in programming?

<p>To allow code to recover from runtime errors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of Python error is raised when an import statement fails?

<p>ImportError (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the catch specific exception mechanism is true?

<p>Only one exception handler is executed for any raised exception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you modify the first code snippet to except ValueError: print('ValueError occurred'), what would happen?

<p>The output remains 'Error: cannot add an int and a str' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using try-except blocks in coding?

<p>To gracefully handle errors and prevent the program from crashing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about syntax errors?

<p>They terminate the program upon detection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of error is raised when dividing a number by zero?

<p>ZeroDivisionError (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which exception is raised when attempting to add an integer and a string together?

<p>TypeError (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of exceptions compared to syntax errors?

<p>Exceptions do not stop program execution but alter the flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a TypeError, what is a valid way to resolve the error using a try-except block?

<p>Casting both operands to the same type before operation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of error message is generated by an unhandled ZeroDivisionError?

<p>Division by zero error. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct syntax to handle exceptions in Python?

<p>try-except (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output when fun(3) is called?

<p>ZeroDivisionError Occurred and Handled (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you comment out the line fun(3) in the provided code?

<p>NameError Occurred and Handled (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the purpose of finally in a try-except block?

<p>Always executed after the try and except blocks, regardless of exceptions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be printed when calling AbyB(5,0)?

<p>a/b results in '0' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the else clause in a try-except block do?

<p>Executes only if the try block terminates normally without error. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example using the finally keyword, what will always be printed?

<p>This is always executed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the expression 5 // 0 in the try block?

<p>Triggers ZeroDivisionError (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the raise statement do in Python?

<p>Forces a specific exception to occur. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Python datetime module

A module in the Python Standard Library for working with dates and times.

datetime.date

Represents a date without a time component.

datetime.time

Represents a time without a date component.

datetime.datetime

Represents a date and time combined.

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datetime.timedelta

Represents the difference between two dates or datetimes.

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datetime.timezone

Represents time zone offsets from UTC.

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Python time sleep()

Pauses the execution of a script for a specified number of seconds.

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math module

Provides mathematical functions for floating-point numbers.

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time module

Module for working with time related functions including sleep.

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Standard Library

Collection of pre-written Python modules for common tasks.

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Syntax Error

Error caused by incorrect code structure or grammar. Stops program execution.

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Exception

Error detected during program execution, despite the code being syntactically correct. Doesn't terminate the program.

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ZeroDivisionError

An exception raised when dividing by zero.

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TypeError

Exception raised when an operation is performed on incompatible data types.

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Try-Except Block

Code structure to handle exceptions preventing program crashes.

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Python random.randint()

Generates a random integer between two given numbers (inclusive).

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Python Exception

An error that occurs during program execution, disrupting the normal flow.

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SyntaxError

Python error caused by incorrect code structure.

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TypeError

Python error from using an object with incorrect type.

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NameError

Python error when a variable or function isn't found.

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IndexError

Python error when accessing a list element with an invalid index.

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KeyError

Python error when accessing a dictionary with a non-existent key.

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ValueError

Python error with bad input to a function or method.

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AttributeError

Python error when an attribute or method isn't found on an object.

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IOError

Python error during input/output operations (like file access).

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ZeroDivisionError

Python error when dividing by zero.

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ImportError

Python error when importing a module fails.

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Try-Except Block

A block of code in Python used to handle potential errors (exceptions).

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Exception Handling

The process of responding to errors (exceptions) that might occur during program execution.

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Try Block

The block of code where you place potentially problematic statements.

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Except Block

The block of code that handles the exception when a specified error occurs in the try block.

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TypeError

Exception raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of an inappropriate type.

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ZeroDivisionError

Exception raised when dividing by zero.

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IndexError

Exception raised when trying to access an array element using an index that is out of range.

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Catching Specific Exceptions

Handling particular types of errors (e.g., TypeError, IndexError).

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math module

A Python module providing mathematical functions and constants.

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math.acos()

Calculates the arc cosine of a number.

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math.acosh()

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.

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math.ceil()

Rounds a number up to the nearest integer.

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math.comb()

Calculates the number of combinations.

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math.copysign()

Creates a float with the first parameter's value and the second parameter's sign.

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math.cosh()

Calculates the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

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math.degrees()

Converts an angle from radians to degrees.

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math.pi

The mathematical constant representing pi.

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import math as m

Imports the math module and gives it an alias 'm'.

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math.sqrt()

Calculates the square root of a number.

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from math import *

Imports all functions and constants from the specified module.

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random module

Provides functions for generating pseudo-random numbers.

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pseudo-random numbers

Numbers generated by an algorithm that appear random but aren't.

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try-except block

A code structure in Python that handles potential errors during program execution.

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ZeroDivisionError

An exception raised when a program attempts to divide a number by zero.

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else clause (with try-except)

A block of code that executes if no exception occurs in the try block.

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finally clause

A block of code that always executes, regardless of whether an exception occurred or not.

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NameError

An exception that occurs when a program tries to use a variable that hasn't been defined.

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Raising an exception

Forcefully creating an exception, often to signal specific errors or conditions.

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Study Notes

Built-in Python Modules

  • Python Standard Library is a collection of modules for scripts, reducing rewriting common commands.
  • Modules are imported at the start for reuse.
  • datetime module provides objects for storing date and time information.
  • datetime.date: Generates dates without times.
  • datetime.time: Stores times not linked to specific dates.
  • datetime.datetime: Stores dates and times.
  • datetime.timedelta: Calculates date or time differences.
  • datetime.timezone: Represents time zone offsets from UTC

Import Time

  • Python time.sleep() adds delays to program execution in seconds.
  • time.sleep() pauses the current thread, not the whole program.
  • Python time module must be imported before using sleep().

The Math Module

  • Contains mathematical functions, primarily applied to floating-point numbers.
  • Suitable for complex number operations.
  • math.acos(): Calculates the arc cosine of a number.
  • math.acosh(): Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine.
  • math.ceil(): Rounds a number up to the nearest integer.
  • math.comb(): Calculates the number of combinations.
  • math.copysign(): Copies the sign of one number to another.
  • math.cosh(): Calculates the hyperbolic cosine.
  • math.degrees(): Converts an angle from radians to degrees.

Importing a Module and Assigning an Alias

  • Allows importing a module with a different name (alias).
  • Using an alias makes code more readable, keeping it concise.

The Random Module

  • Generates pseudo-random numbers.
  • Useful for applications needing randomness (games, simulations).
  • random.randint(): Generates a random integer between given limits.

Python Exception Handling

  • Errors in Python are of two types:
    • Syntax errors: Occur due to incorrect code structure.
    • Exceptions: Occur during execution from internal events.
  • try...except statements handle potential errors.

Different Types of Exceptions

  • SyntaxError: Occurs when the interpreter encounters incorrect syntax (e.g., missing colon).
  • TypeError: Occurs when an operation is applied to an object of the wrong type.
  • NameError: Occurs when a variable or function name is not found.
  • IndexError: Occurs when accessing an index outside a sequence's bounds.
  • KeyError: Occurs when trying to access a key that doesn't exist in a dictionary.
  • ValueError: Occurs when a function or method receives inappropriate arguments.
  • AttributeError: Occurs when trying to access a non-existent attribute.
  • IOError: Occurs when I/O operations (file handling) fail.
  • ZeroDivisionError: Occurs when dividing by zero.
  • ImportError: Occurs when importing a module fails.

Difference Between Syntax Errors and Exceptions

  • Syntax errors prevent program execution immediately.
  • Exceptions occur during execution but don't typically halt the program if handled.

Try...Except Statements: Handling Exceptions

  • try block: Contains code potentially causing errors.
  • except block: Contains error-handling code.
  • Provides a way to catch and handle exception.

Catching Specific Exceptions

  • except ExceptionType allows catching specific errors (e.g., ZeroDivisionError).

Try...Else Clause

  • else block: Executed if the try block completes without exceptions.

Finally Clause

  • finally block: Always executes, regardless of exceptions, ideal for cleanup.

Raising Exceptions

  • raise ExceptionType(message) forces an exception; important for program control.

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Python Modules (Module 6) PDF

Description

Explore the functionalities of built-in Python modules such as datetime, time, and math. This quiz covers importing modules, using time delays, and performing mathematical calculations. Test your knowledge on how these modules can enhance your Python programming skills.

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