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Questions and Answers
What type of variable is designed to hold decimal numbers?
What type of variable is designed to hold decimal numbers?
Which of the following is NOT a valid data type in Python?
Which of the following is NOT a valid data type in Python?
What will happen if you attempt to add a string variable holding 'ITM200' to an int variable holding 10?
What will happen if you attempt to add a string variable holding 'ITM200' to an int variable holding 10?
Which statement about variable names in Python is true?
Which statement about variable names in Python is true?
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Which of the following symbols is used to define a float variable?
Which of the following symbols is used to define a float variable?
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Which arithmetic operators are used in the calculation of converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?
Which arithmetic operators are used in the calculation of converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?
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What is the role of the assignment operator '=' in the conversion formula from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
What is the role of the assignment operator '=' in the conversion formula from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
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What types of values are used to represent temperature in Celsius in the discussed program?
What types of values are used to represent temperature in Celsius in the discussed program?
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Why must variables such as celsius and fahrenheit be stored in RAM?
Why must variables such as celsius and fahrenheit be stored in RAM?
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Which element is NOT involved in the formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?
Which element is NOT involved in the formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit?
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In the formula, where does the constant 32 appear in the Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion calculation?
In the formula, where does the constant 32 appear in the Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion calculation?
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What kind of values should be expected as inputs for the Celsius variable in this program?
What kind of values should be expected as inputs for the Celsius variable in this program?
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When coding the conversion formula in Python, which of the following is necessary to represent the formula correctly?
When coding the conversion formula in Python, which of the following is necessary to represent the formula correctly?
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What is the correct order of operations for evaluating arithmetic expressions in Python?
What is the correct order of operations for evaluating arithmetic expressions in Python?
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Which of the following represents the shorthand operation for dividing a variable x by y?
Which of the following represents the shorthand operation for dividing a variable x by y?
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What type of error occurs when performing operations that are incompatible with the variable type in Python?
What type of error occurs when performing operations that are incompatible with the variable type in Python?
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Which operator would you use to find the modulus of two integers in Python?
Which operator would you use to find the modulus of two integers in Python?
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How is a single character represented in Python?
How is a single character represented in Python?
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What function would you use to get the ASCII value of a character in Python?
What function would you use to get the ASCII value of a character in Python?
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Which of the following best describes 'dynamically typed' in Python?
Which of the following best describes 'dynamically typed' in Python?
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What is the result of applying the floor division operator // in Python?
What is the result of applying the floor division operator // in Python?
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What does the function str(n) accomplish in Python?
What does the function str(n) accomplish in Python?
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What will happen if you try to convert the string '7A' into an integer using int()?
What will happen if you try to convert the string '7A' into an integer using int()?
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Which of the following correctly describes the purpose of the round(x, n) function?
Which of the following correctly describes the purpose of the round(x, n) function?
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What is the length of the string s = 'ITM200'?
What is the length of the string s = 'ITM200'?
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Which of the following is NOT a valid built-in function for type conversion in Python?
Which of the following is NOT a valid built-in function for type conversion in Python?
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If s1 and s2 represent numerical inputs as strings, how can they be combined as numbers instead of strings?
If s1 and s2 represent numerical inputs as strings, how can they be combined as numbers instead of strings?
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What is the output of the expression round(3.56789, 3)?
What is the output of the expression round(3.56789, 3)?
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What is the main characteristic of a Boolean variable in Python?
What is the main characteristic of a Boolean variable in Python?
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What is the primary purpose of distinguishing between int and float data types in programming?
What is the primary purpose of distinguishing between int and float data types in programming?
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Which of the following examples correctly illustrates an int variable?
Which of the following examples correctly illustrates an int variable?
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Which of the following statements about Python variable names is true?
Which of the following statements about Python variable names is true?
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What will happen if you attempt to perform arithmetic with variables of incompatible data types?
What will happen if you attempt to perform arithmetic with variables of incompatible data types?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of float variables in Python?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of float variables in Python?
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Which arithmetic operation will be performed last in an expression according to the rules of precedence?
Which arithmetic operation will be performed last in an expression according to the rules of precedence?
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What is the result of the operation $10 , % , 3$ in Python?
What is the result of the operation $10 , % , 3$ in Python?
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Which of the following statements correctly uses shorthand assignment for subtracting 5 from a variable x?
Which of the following statements correctly uses shorthand assignment for subtracting 5 from a variable x?
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Which statement accurately reflects the concept of 'strongly typed' in Python?
Which statement accurately reflects the concept of 'strongly typed' in Python?
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What function would you use to convert a character to its ASCII value in Python?
What function would you use to convert a character to its ASCII value in Python?
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What does the expression $x = x // y$ accomplish in Python?
What does the expression $x = x // y$ accomplish in Python?
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Which operation is represented by the operator '**' in Python?
Which operation is represented by the operator '**' in Python?
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When using the operation 'x += y', which statement is equivalent?
When using the operation 'x += y', which statement is equivalent?
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What is the main use of the int() function in Python?
What is the main use of the int() function in Python?
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What is the outcome when trying to convert the string '7A' into an integer using int()?
What is the outcome when trying to convert the string '7A' into an integer using int()?
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Which statement about the round() function is accurate?
Which statement about the round() function is accurate?
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What will happen if two string variables holding numeric values are concatenated instead of added?
What will happen if two string variables holding numeric values are concatenated instead of added?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the conversion of a string to an integer?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the conversion of a string to an integer?
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What is the length of the string s = 'ITM200'?
What is the length of the string s = 'ITM200'?
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When processing user input in Python, what must be done before performing arithmetic operations on string inputs whose values are numbers?
When processing user input in Python, what must be done before performing arithmetic operations on string inputs whose values are numbers?
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Which of the following types of variables can take only two values, True and False?
Which of the following types of variables can take only two values, True and False?
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Which operations are represented by the arithmetic operators used in the conversion formula from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
Which operations are represented by the arithmetic operators used in the conversion formula from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
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What does the assignment operator '=' do in the context of the temperature conversion formula?
What does the assignment operator '=' do in the context of the temperature conversion formula?
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What type of data does the program suggest using to represent Celsius temperature values?
What type of data does the program suggest using to represent Celsius temperature values?
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In the temperature conversion formula, what is the function of the 'Celsius' variable?
In the temperature conversion formula, what is the function of the 'Celsius' variable?
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Why must the variables 'celsius' and 'fahrenheit' be stored in RAM during execution?
Why must the variables 'celsius' and 'fahrenheit' be stored in RAM during execution?
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Which of the following best describes the role of multiplication in the Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion formula?
Which of the following best describes the role of multiplication in the Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion formula?
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What is the standard formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit as presented?
What is the standard formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit as presented?
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Which of the following arithmetic operations is NOT utilized in the conversion formula from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
Which of the following arithmetic operations is NOT utilized in the conversion formula from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
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Study Notes
Calculations
- Calculations are a central part of computer programming.
- Formulas involve variables, operators (multiply, divide, add), and the assignment operator.
- The assignment operator assigns the right-hand side (RHS) of the formula to the left-hand side ( LHS ).
- In Python, formulas are coded using variables, arithmetic operators, and the assignment operator.
Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit
- In Python, variables like
celsius
andfahrenheit
are stored in RAM to perform calculations. - Variables are categorized based on their memory needs: Integers (
int
), Real Numbers (float
), Strings (str
).
Data Types
- Data Types categorize variables based on the nature of the data they hold.
-
int
: integers ( 0, 1, 2, 3, ... and negative counterparts ). -
float
: real numbers ( -23.5, -9, 0, 0.5, 1, 2.34, 6, ...). -
str
: alphanumeric character strings ( "ITM200", "123ER" ). - Data Types allow for the enforcement of constraints on operations that can be applied to data.
- For example, it makes sense to add variables that hold
int
values, but it's incorrect to add variables holding strings of characters.
Data Variables
- Variable names can be any alphanumeric string where the first character is not a numeral.
- Variable names are case-sensitive.
- Variable names cannot be any of Python's reserved keywords (and, as, assert, break, class, continue, def, del, elif, else, except, exec, finally, for, from, global, if, import, in, is, lambda, nonlocal, not, or, pass, raise, return, try, while, with, yield, False, True, None).
Arithmetic Operators
-
*
: multiplication. -
/
: division. -
-
: subtraction. -
**
: exponentiation. -
%
: modulus (remainder of a division between integers). -
//
: floor division (integer part of a division result). -
+
: addition. - Arithmetic operators in Python work in the usual way.
- The order of operations (precedence) for arithmetic expressions evaluation is:
- Brackets
( )
. - Exponentiation
**
. - Multiplication, Division, Modulus, Floor Division
*, /, %, //
. - Addition, Subtraction
+, -
.
- Brackets
Arithmetic Operations (Shorthand)
-
x += y
: equivalent tox = x + y
. -
x -= y
: equivalent tox = x - y
. -
x *= y
: equivalent tox = x * y
. -
x /= y
: equivalent tox = x / y
. -
x //= y
: equivalent tox = x // y
. -
x %= y
: equivalent tox = x % y
. -
x **= y
: equivalent tox = x ** y
.
Dynamically Typed
- Variables can be assigned different data types at runtime.
Strongly Typed
- Operations incompatible with the data type are not allowed, and will result in run-time errors.
Characters in Python
- There is no dedicated character data type in Python; a character is considered a string of a single character.
-
ord()
: gets the ASCII/Unicode value of a character. -
chr()
: gets the character corresponding to an ASCII/Unicode value.
Formatting Outputs
-
str(n)
: convertsn
to a string type for string concatenation using '+'. -
round(x, n)
: roundsx
ton
digits after the decimal point.
Strings
- A sequence of characters.
- Each character has a position (index) within the string.
- String length is the number of characters in the string.
- Empty string:
s = ""
. - None string:
s = None
.
User Input
- The
input()
function allows the user to enter data.
Processing User Input
- The
input()
function returns data as astr
, even if the input is a number. - To perform calculations on user input, the input needs to be converted to the appropriate data type (e.g.,
int
,float
).
Calculation using Input
- The Python built-in function
int()
converts a string of numerals into an integer.
Data Type Conversion
- Data types can be converted using built-in functions:
-
int()
: to convert to integer. -
float()
: to convert to real number. -
str()
: to convert to string. -
bool()
: to convert to Boolean (True or False).
-
- The conversion is only possible if the string can be interpreted as the target data type.
- Attempts to convert strings that can't be interpreted as the target data type will result in a run-time error.
Calculations in programming
- Performing calculations is a fundamental function of computer programming.
- The basic elements of a calculation are variables, arithmetic operators, and the assignment operator.
- The assignment operator assigns the value calculated on the right-hand side (RHS) to the left-hand side (LHS).
- Arithmetic operators include multiplication (*), division (/), subtraction (-), exponentiation (**), modulus (%), floor division (//), and addition (+).
- Python follows an order of precedence for evaluating arithmetic expressions:
- Operations within parentheses are evaluated first.
- Then
**
- Followed by
*, /, %, //
. - Finally,
+, -
.
Data types
- Data types categorize variables based on the type of data they hold.
- Common data types:
-
int
: for whole numbers (e.g., 0, 1, 2, -1, -2, ...). -
float
: for real numbers (e.g., -23.5, -9, 0.5, 1, 2.34). -
str
: for strings of characters (e.g., "ITM200", "123ER"). -
bool
: for Boolean values, which can be eitherTrue
orFalse
.
-
- Using data types enforces constraints on operations to prevent errors. For example, adding two
int
variables is valid, but adding astr
variable to anint
variable is not allowed.
Variables
- Variable names can be any alphanumeric string, but the first character must not be a numeral.
- Variable names are case-sensitive.
- Reserved keywords cannot be used as variable names.
String manipulation
- Strings are sequences of characters.
- Each character in a string has a unique position (index), starting from 0.
-
ord()
function returns the ASCII/Unicode value of a character. -
chr()
function converts an ASCII/Unicode value to a character. - String concatenation is performed using the
+
operator. -
str(n)
converts a non-stringn
to a string. -
round(x,n)
roundsx
ton
digits after the decimal point.
User input
- Python's
input()
function allows programs to get user input from the console. - The user input is usually stored as a string.
- To perform calculations with user input, it often needs to be converted to a numerical data type using
int()
orfloat()
functions.
Dynamically and strongly typed languages
- Python is dynamically typed, meaning that the type of a variable can change at runtime.
- Python is also strongly typed; operations incompatible with data types are not allowed and result in run-time errors.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in Python programming, focusing on calculations, data types, and converting Celsius to Fahrenheit. It explores how variables, operators, and assignment play a role in programming. Test your knowledge on how Python handles different data types and performs arithmetic operations.