Pyrrolizidine Alkaloidosis Toxic Plants Quiz

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Which animals are most susceptible to pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis?

Young growing animals

Cattle and horses

Farmed deer and pigs (correct)

Sheep and goats

What is the most common cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis in animals?

Seeds of yellow tarweed (A intermedia)

Groundsel (S riddellii, S longilobus)

Rattleweed (Crotalaria retusa)

Senecio jacobaea (correct)

Under what conditions might grazing animals eat plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

During extremely lush pasture conditions

When the plants are avoided under normal conditions

During drought conditions (correct)

When the plants are available as roughage

What is the most common manifestation of pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis in domestic animal species?

Chronic hepatic damage Signup and view all the answers

How do pyrrolizidine alkaloids primarily produce cytotoxic effects on target sites?

By binding to DNA and nucleoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What may be the underlying cause of ongoing hepatic damage in cases of chronic exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

The release and uptake of toxic pyrroles by neighboring cells Signup and view all the answers

What are some common clinical signs in horses and cattle exposed to pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

Anorexia and dullness Signup and view all the answers

In chronic cases of pyrrolizidine toxicoses, how is the liver typically described?

Atrophied, fibrous, and finely nodular Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic histopathologic change that may occur in the liver due to pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis?

Perivenous fibrosis of sublobular veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of pyrrolizidine alkaloids after they are metabolized in the liver?

Crosslinking DNA strands and uniting with nucleoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to sudden death in animals affected by acute intoxication from pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

Visceral hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

What clinical signs may be observed in horses affected by pyrrolizidine toxicoses?

"Head-pressing, yawning, aimless wandering" and anorexia Signup and view all the answers

What are some less common clinical signs associated with pyrrolizidine toxicoses?

Renal disease in pigs and inspiratory dyspnea in ponies due to laryngeal paralysis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of chronic exposure to small doses of pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

Development of hepatic neoplasms Signup and view all the answers

What can be a result of excessive hepatic copper stores in sheep exposed to pyrrolizidine alkaloids?

Rectal prolapse and ascites Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopic change is described as variable in livers affected by pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis?

Bile duct hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What pulmonary changes may occur in horses exposed to certain Crotalaria spp?

Septal fibrosis and bronchioloalveolar epithelium hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used for chemical analysis of whole blood to confirm recent exposure to toxic metabolites?

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Signup and view all the answers

Which serum parameter may be increased in cases of hepatic cirrhosis?

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method used for confirming toxin exposure based on the text?

Immunoassays Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histopathologic change observed in renal tissues of pigs affected by pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis?

Enlarged renal tubular lining cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used for hepatic tissue assays to provide a definitive confirmation of toxin exposure?

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of hepatic cirrhosis caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis?

Hypoalbuminemia and hyperglobulinemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary form of support needed for animals affected by pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis?

Support for dehydration and photosensitization Signup and view all the answers

What may lead to further losses over several months in subclinically affected animals?

High protein intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of further intake of toxic plant material?

Prevention of recovery from clinical signs Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice for preventing further outbreaks of pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis?

Decreasing exposure to toxic plants Signup and view all the answers