Pyrogens and Fever Induction

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What is the main function of plasma cells?

Produce and secrete antibodies (correct)

Activate the complement system

Provide immunological memory

Phagocytosis of pathogens

How are memory B cells described in the text?

Secrete large quantities of antibodies

Provide immunological memory (correct)

Short-lived lymphocytes

Derived from activated B cells

What differentiates plasma cells from memory B cells?

Production of antibodies (correct)

Persistence after immune response

Specialization in phagocytosis

Ability to neutralize pathogens

Which term refers to the activation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells or memory B cells?

Clonal selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of antibodies secreted by plasma cells?

Neutralize pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What do memory B cells provide after the resolution of an immune response?

Immunological memory Signup and view all the answers

What is immunocompetence?

The ability of lymphocytes to recognize and respond to specific antigens Signup and view all the answers

How do B cells and T cells acquire immunocompetence?

By rearranging their antigen receptor genes Signup and view all the answers

What is self-tolerance in the context of the immune system?

The ability to distinguish between self-antigens and foreign antigens Signup and view all the answers

Why are lymphocytes that recognize self-antigens eliminated or rendered tolerant?

To prevent autoimmune reactions Signup and view all the answers

What are naive lymphocytes?

Immature lymphocytes that have not yet encountered their specific antigen Signup and view all the answers

Where do naive B cells and T cells complete their maturation?

In the bone marrow (B cells) or thymus (T cells) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pyrogens in the body?

Inducing fever by acting on the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pyrogen originates from external sources?

Exogenous pyrogens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous pyrogen?

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antibodies in humoral immunity?

Marking pathogens for destruction or neutralization Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity primarily targets extracellular pathogens and toxins?

Humoral immunity Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of endogenous pyrogens?

Cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hepcidin in iron homeostasis?

Inducing internalization and degradation of ferroportin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ferroportin when hepcidin levels are high?

It gets degraded and internalized Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for transporting iron throughout the body?

Transferrin Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of iron when bound to transferrin?

Ferric (Fe^3+) Signup and view all the answers

How does hepcidin affect iron fluxes into the bloodstream?

By limiting iron release from enterocytes and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Which cell or organ requires transferrin for delivering iron?

Tissues and organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Multiple Sclerosis?

Muscle weakness Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system can be affected by allergic reactions?

Respiratory system Signup and view all the answers

What causes hypersensitivities or allergic reactions?

Overreaction of the immune system to harmless substances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an allergic reaction?

Allergic rhinitis Signup and view all the answers

What can rapidly occur after exposure to an allergen and be potentially life-threatening?

Anaphylaxis Signup and view all the answers

What does Multiple Sclerosis result in?

Impaired coordination Signup and view all the answers