Pyrogens and Fever Induction

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of plasma cells?

  • Produce and secrete antibodies (correct)
  • Activate the complement system
  • Provide immunological memory
  • Phagocytosis of pathogens

How are memory B cells described in the text?

  • Secrete large quantities of antibodies
  • Provide immunological memory (correct)
  • Short-lived lymphocytes
  • Derived from activated B cells

What differentiates plasma cells from memory B cells?

  • Production of antibodies (correct)
  • Persistence after immune response
  • Specialization in phagocytosis
  • Ability to neutralize pathogens

Which term refers to the activation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells or memory B cells?

<p>Clonal selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of antibodies secreted by plasma cells?

<p>Neutralize pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do memory B cells provide after the resolution of an immune response?

<p>Immunological memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is immunocompetence?

<p>The ability of lymphocytes to recognize and respond to specific antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do B cells and T cells acquire immunocompetence?

<p>By rearranging their antigen receptor genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-tolerance in the context of the immune system?

<p>The ability to distinguish between self-antigens and foreign antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are lymphocytes that recognize self-antigens eliminated or rendered tolerant?

<p>To prevent autoimmune reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are naive lymphocytes?

<p>Immature lymphocytes that have not yet encountered their specific antigen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do naive B cells and T cells complete their maturation?

<p>In the bone marrow (B cells) or thymus (T cells) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pyrogens in the body?

<p>Inducing fever by acting on the hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pyrogen originates from external sources?

<p>Exogenous pyrogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an endogenous pyrogen?

<p>Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antibodies in humoral immunity?

<p>Marking pathogens for destruction or neutralization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity primarily targets extracellular pathogens and toxins?

<p>Humoral immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of endogenous pyrogens?

<p>Cytokines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hepcidin in iron homeostasis?

<p>Inducing internalization and degradation of ferroportin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ferroportin when hepcidin levels are high?

<p>It gets degraded and internalized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for transporting iron throughout the body?

<p>Transferrin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of iron when bound to transferrin?

<p>Ferric (Fe^3+) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hepcidin affect iron fluxes into the bloodstream?

<p>By limiting iron release from enterocytes and macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell or organ requires transferrin for delivering iron?

<p>Tissues and organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Multiple Sclerosis?

<p>Muscle weakness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system can be affected by allergic reactions?

<p>Respiratory system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes hypersensitivities or allergic reactions?

<p>Overreaction of the immune system to harmless substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an allergic reaction?

<p>Allergic rhinitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can rapidly occur after exposure to an allergen and be potentially life-threatening?

<p>Anaphylaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Multiple Sclerosis result in?

<p>Impaired coordination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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