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Pyrimidine Analogs in Chemotherapy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which 5-FU inhibits DNA synthesis?

By directly binding to DNA

By inhibiting the conversion of uracil to thymine

By inhibiting thymidylate synthase activity (correct)

By inhibiting RNA polymerase activity

What is the primary type of cancer that 5-FU is employed to treat?

Slow-growing solid tumors (correct)

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

What is the result of 5-FU's inhibition of thymidylate synthase?

Increased production of thymidine

Decreased production of uracil

Increased production of cytosine

Deprivation of the cell of thymidine (correct)

What is the role of the fluorine atom in 5-FU?

It interferes with the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of capecitabine in the treatment of cancer?

To inhibit DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pyrimidine inhibitors is an analog of 2′-deoxycytidine?

Cytarabine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Ara-CTP in DNA synthesis?

Inhibition of DNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Why is cytarabine not effective when given orally?

It is broken down by cytidine deaminase in the intestinal mucosa and liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical use of azacitidine?

Myelodysplastic syndromes and AML Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of gemcitabine?