24 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for life as mentioned in the text?
Source of nitrogen
What is the main purpose of catabolism as described in the text?
To break down complex molecules to obtain energy
What is the role of electron donors in metabolism?
Directing electrons to electron acceptors
How do cells conserve energy for growth as per the text?
By converting energy from their surroundings to a usable form
What does ΔG0’ indicate about a reaction?
Whether the reaction is exergonic or endergonic
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
To lower the energy of activation
What is the most important energy-rich phosphorylated compound in cells?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What is the function of ATP in cells?
To store and transfer energy for cellular processes
In a redox reaction, where is the energy released from?
Oxidation
What is the energy of activation in a chemical reaction?
The minimum energy required to initiate the reaction
What type of compounds do cells typically use for energy conservation?
Compounds with free energy of hydrolysis
What is the primary role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
To lower the activation energy and increase the reaction rate
What drives cellular processes in metabolism?
Release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
How many types of metabolism are defined by the source of energy?
4
How are microorganisms classified based on carbon source?
Autotrophs and heterotrophs
Where do chemoorganotrophs obtain energy from?
Organic matter
What drives ATP synthesis in metabolism?
Exergonic reactions
How is free energy conserved in catabolic pathways?
By synthesizing energy-rich molecules like ATP
What is crucial for both catabolic and anabolic reactions in redox reactions?
Electron transfer
What determines the affinity of a substance for electrons in catabolism?
Reduction potential (E0’)
How are redox couples arranged in the redox tower?
Based on their tendency to donate or accept electrons
What determines the energy released in redox reactions?
The difference in reduction potentials of redox couples
What are essential for transferring electrons in consecutive reactions?
Electron carriers like NAD+/NADH
Which cycling is involved in various catabolic and anabolic reactions?
NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH
Study Notes
Metabolism and Energy Conservation in Microorganisms
- Metabolism involves the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to drive cellular processes
- 4 types of metabolism are defined by the source of energy
- Microorganisms are classified into autotrophs and heterotrophs based on carbon source
- Chemoorganotrophs obtain energy from organic matter, while chemolithotrophs derive it from inorganics
- Catabolism uses exergonic reactions to drive ATP synthesis, while anabolism requires ATP for biosynthesis
- Free energy in catabolic pathways is conserved by synthesizing energy-rich molecules like ATP
- Electron transfer is crucial for both catabolic and anabolic reactions in redox reactions
- Reduction potential (E0’) determines the affinity of a substance for electrons in catabolism
- The redox tower arranges redox couples based on their tendency to donate or accept electrons
- The difference in reduction potentials of redox couples determines the energy released
- Electron carriers like NAD+/NADH are essential for transferring electrons in consecutive reactions
- NAD+/NADH cycling and NADP+/NADPH are involved in various catabolic and anabolic reactions
Explore the concepts of metabolism, energy conservation, and electron transfer in microorganisms. Learn about the types of metabolism, classification of microorganisms, catabolism, anabolism, redox reactions, and electron carriers.
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