Purposive Communication: Midterm Review

• The discussion covers a midterm review for purposive communication, including the history of English in the Philippines, the importance of learning English, oral communication, communication’s advantages/disadvantages, communication principles, communication models, nonverbal communication, and communicating in multicultural settings.

History of English in the Philippines

• Filipinos first encountered English in 1762 when the British invaded Manila.
• English became more important during the American occupation, 1898-1946.
• English-medium education started in 1901 with 540 US teachers.
• English was used in education, media, and literary works.
• The 1935 Constitution made English an official language alongside Spanish.

Importance of learning English:

• It is foundational for learning various disciplines.
• Language shapes thoughts, experiences, and understanding of others.
• English is used in science, aviation, computers, diplomacy, tourism, internet, media, and business.
• It affects the ability to understand and control the environment, impacting perception, imagination, and communication.
• Knowing English may increase job opportunities, especially in multinational companies.

Oral Communication

• Oral communication is communication done orally (i.e., verbally).
• Examples include meetings, telephone calls, lectures, oral presentations, and interviews.
• It is among the most common forms of communication.

Advantages of Oral Communication:

• It allows for instant feedback that helps make quick decisions.
• It is easy, simple, and avoids wasting time.
• Oral communication is suitable for transmitting private and confidential information.
• It can be cheaper than other means since it doesn't require traveling.
• It is effective for persuading or motivating people.
• It allows for quick identification and correction of mistakes.

Disadvantages of Oral Communication:

• Oral communication leaves no permanent record, which could pose problems later.
• Background noise can interfere with the transmission.
• Ineffective speakers may not communicate information clearly.
• Receivers might misunderstand the information.

Communication Principles

• Principles inherent in communication serve as the foundation for effective communication.
• Symbols: Symbols represent objects, places, persons, relationships, etc. in arbitrary ways.
• Frames: Frames provide a definition of a scenario.
• Relational: Communication is relational between people
• Representational and Presentational: It conveys facts, objects, or subjective interpretations

Fundamentals of Communication

• Communication is a process that involves sending and receiving messages.
• Essential communications components include a sender, message, channel, and receiver.
• Noise and setting are also important, even without a fixed time and place.
• The Sender or Speaker: The sender holds an idea and conveys the idea.
• The Receiver or Listener: The receiver decodes the conveyed message.
• The Message: Is any idea delivered by the sender to the receiver using verbal or nonverbal methods.
• The Channel: Is the medium through which the message is transmitted.
• Noise: Also know as the barrier, Noise affects the message that is sent, received, or understood.

Communication questions to consider:

• Identify the audience, purpose, and communicate about your topic, possible objections, a compressive view, the credibility of information.
• Multiple techniques, volume of information easily to managed, creative was to present information, developed a practical, useful way to get feedback, additional information that would add depth to the message.

Communication Models

Linear Model of Communication

• It is a one-way unidirectional model.
• It presents a simple communication act.
• It involves persuasion, not mutual understanding.
• It values individual psychological effects over social effects.

Interactive Communication Model

• Interactive communication involves more than one participant using a two-directional communication ("feedback loop").

Transactional Communication Model

• It generates social expectancies in communal, ethnic, and relative contexts.
• Both sender and receiver encouraged to communicate simultaneously.

Other Communication models

• Aristotle's Model: is a speaker centered model in which the speaker speaks to the audience.
• Berlo's SMCR Model: Is a basic mode, in which the sender encodes messages to the user, through different communications skills
• Lasswell's Model: Defines an act of communication that defines " who says what, in which channel, to whom, with what effect?
• Osgood-Schramm Model: Views communication as a message between the sender and receiver travelling back and forth.
• White's Model: Is represented by a spiraling figure, it tells us that communication is circular and continuous without a beginning or end.

Nonverbal Communication

What is Nonverbal Communication?

• Nonverbal communication is sending and receiving messages without words.

Types of Nonverbal Communication

• Kinesics: Body movements, facial expressions, and eye contact.
• Vocalics: Paralanguage involving volume, rate, pitch, and timbre.
• Personal Appearance
• Proxemics: Is ones personal space.
• Haptics: Touch
• Chronemics: Time.

Ways Nonverbal signals affect Verbal Discourse

• It can emphasize words, repeat what we say, substitute for words, regulate speech, contract our message, and complement the verbal content of our message.

Types of Nonverbal Communication

• Eye contact to regulate the flow of communication.
• Facial expressions may include joy, love, interest, etc.
• Gestures such as a wave to mean hello or goodbye.
• Posture and body orientation affects how you are perceived.
• Vary vocal elemets can be achieved through tone, rhythm, timbre, loudness, etc.
• Space and distance, indicate hierarchy and acceptance.

Communication and Globalization

• Improves relations between individuals, and help create work environment through communication and respect.
• Spread the use of products, technology, information etc.
• Affects the processes of globalization, by providing opportunities to increase oppurtunities and remove cultural barriers.
• It can also include various other types of nonverbal comms like Regional attire.