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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of kennings in poetry?
What is the purpose of kennings in poetry?
- To provide abstract meanings through symbolism
- To create complex narrative plots
- To form poetic expressions using hyphenated words (correct)
- To persuade readers with emotional appeals
What technique involves the author's choice of words and sentence structure?
What technique involves the author's choice of words and sentence structure?
- Technique (correct)
- Tone
- Syntax
- Imagery
Which writing style is primarily concerned with explaining a topic objectively?
Which writing style is primarily concerned with explaining a topic objectively?
- Persuasive
- Narrative
- Descriptive
- Expository or Argumentative (correct)
Which of the following styles should not be mixed with an erratic tone?
Which of the following styles should not be mixed with an erratic tone?
What does allegory refer to in literature?
What does allegory refer to in literature?
Which punctuation mark is used to indicate strong emotions in a sentence?
Which punctuation mark is used to indicate strong emotions in a sentence?
What is the primary purpose of an apostrophe in a sentence?
What is the primary purpose of an apostrophe in a sentence?
Which punctuation is used to list items or introduce a quote?
Which punctuation is used to list items or introduce a quote?
In what scenario is a semicolon typically used?
In what scenario is a semicolon typically used?
What does an ellipsis signify in a sentence?
What does an ellipsis signify in a sentence?
Which punctuation mark is mostly used to separate parts of a sentence and can also signal a pause?
Which punctuation mark is mostly used to separate parts of a sentence and can also signal a pause?
Which punctuation mark is used to signify a range of something?
Which punctuation mark is used to signify a range of something?
Which of the following is an incorrect way to capitalize words in a sentence?
Which of the following is an incorrect way to capitalize words in a sentence?
Which of the following statements about epic poetry is true?
Which of the following statements about epic poetry is true?
What is a defining trait of lyric poetry?
What is a defining trait of lyric poetry?
Which type of poem is characterized by a character’s monologue?
Which type of poem is characterized by a character’s monologue?
What distinguishes a dramatic monologue from a regular dramatic poem?
What distinguishes a dramatic monologue from a regular dramatic poem?
In the context of capitalization, which of the following is correctly capitalized?
In the context of capitalization, which of the following is correctly capitalized?
Which of the following options is NOT a characteristic of a true hymn?
Which of the following options is NOT a characteristic of a true hymn?
Which of the following statements regarding dramatic poetry is accurate?
Which of the following statements regarding dramatic poetry is accurate?
What is the rhyme scheme of a villanelle?
What is the rhyme scheme of a villanelle?
What capitalization rule applies to specific geographic regions?
What capitalization rule applies to specific geographic regions?
Which type of sensory image describes the aroma of food?
Which type of sensory image describes the aroma of food?
How many lines does a villanelle contain?
How many lines does a villanelle contain?
What literary device involves exaggeration for emphasis?
What literary device involves exaggeration for emphasis?
Which of the following best describes tactile imagery?
Which of the following best describes tactile imagery?
In the context of literary devices, what does a simile directly compare?
In the context of literary devices, what does a simile directly compare?
What is the function of auditory imagery?
What is the function of auditory imagery?
Which rhyme scheme is NOT associated with the traditional sonnet format?
Which rhyme scheme is NOT associated with the traditional sonnet format?
Which literary device refers to giving human qualities to inanimate objects?
Which literary device refers to giving human qualities to inanimate objects?
What is the term for the repetition of the same consonant sound throughout a phrase?
What is the term for the repetition of the same consonant sound throughout a phrase?
What device uses words that imitate the sound they represent?
What device uses words that imitate the sound they represent?
Which term refers to the use of casual references to famous historical or literary figures?
Which term refers to the use of casual references to famous historical or literary figures?
What literary device is defined by hints about what will happen later in the story?
What literary device is defined by hints about what will happen later in the story?
Which expression indicates a meaning different from its literal interpretation?
Which expression indicates a meaning different from its literal interpretation?
What is the term for a sentence or phrase that presents self-contradictory elements?
What is the term for a sentence or phrase that presents self-contradictory elements?
Which term describes the use of different words or phrases to imply politeness or sensitivity?
Which term describes the use of different words or phrases to imply politeness or sensitivity?
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Study Notes
Punctuation Marks and Their Functions
- Oxford Comma: Optional, used before the conjunction in a list; enhances clarity.
- Semicolon (;): Indicates a pause between closely related sentences; stronger than a comma but weaker than a period.
- Question Mark (?): Signals interrogative sentences; e.g., "May I use the washroom?"
- Exclamation Point (!): Expresses strong emotions; e.g., “There is a centipede in the bathroom!”
- Ellipsis (...): Indicates omitted text; e.g., “They could have not been called to the Dean’s Office if not for…”
- Apostrophe (‘): Denotes missing letters in contractions and indicates possession; e.g., “Y’all will never make it to class in time. That is my sister’s bag!”
- Hyphen (-): Connects related words or compounds; e.g., “One-third of the campus agreed...”
- Dashes:
- Em Dash (—): Indicates a break in thought or adds emphasis.
- En Dash (–): Specifies a range; e.g., “pages 1746–1927.”
- Colon (:): Introduces lists, explanations, or ratios; e.g., “Bring the following materials tomorrow: paper, straw, plastic cup.”
- Quotation Marks (“ ”): Identify quotes or titles; used for stories, songs, and articles.
- Parenthesis ( ): Encloses supplementary information or clarifications; e.g., “My grandmother is bedridden (She is 83 years old).”
Capitalization Rules
- Capitalize the first word of every sentence.
- Proper nouns and specific titles are capitalized.
- Honorary titles before names are capitalized; not when used alone or after names.
- Kinship terms are capitalized when used as names.
- Geographic regions should be capitalized; directions (north, south) should not.
- Capitalize the first word of a complete quote and specific course titles; general subjects remain lowercase.
Types of Poetry
- Epic Poetry: Narrative verse featuring adventures and heroes; omniscient narration; e.g., Beowulf.
- Dramatic Poetry: Expresses emotions; can be in the form of:
- Soliloquy: Character's monologue.
- Dramatic Monologue: Critical emotional moment in a story.
- Lyric Poetry: First-person point of view, often sung; basic form includes hymns and variations.
Forms of Hymns
- True Hymn: Directly addresses God as a prayer.
- Psalms: Biblical hymns with specific rhyme schemes.
Villanelle
- A French poetic form with 19 lines, composed of five tercets and a quatrain; rhyme scheme is ABA, and certain lines repeat at specified intervals.
Sensory Imagery
- Utilizes the five senses to create vivid descriptions:
- Visual: Appeal to sight; description of appearance.
- Olfactory: Appeal to smell; e.g., pleasant aromas.
- Auditory: Appeal to sound; description of noises.
- Tactile: Appeal to touch; interaction with objects.
- Gustatory: Appeal to taste; flavor descriptions.
Literary Devices and Figures of Speech
- Simile: Comparison using "like" or "as."
- Metaphor: Direct comparison without "like" or "as."
- Hyperbole: Intentional exaggeration for effect.
- Personification: Attributing human qualities to inanimate objects.
- Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate sounds.
- Imagery: Use of senses for descriptive effects.
- Foreshadowing: Hints of future events.
- Alliteration: Repeated consonant sounds.
- Allusion: References to historical or literary figures/events.
- Paradox: Self-contradictory statements.
- Symbolism: Objects or actions that represent larger concepts.
- Idiom: Expressions with meanings different from literal interpretations.
- Oxymoron: Combining contradictory terms.
- Euphemism: Softening harsh expressions.
- Cliché: Overused expressions.
- Pun: Play on words with double meaning.
Signal Words and Connectors
- Words that connect ideas regarding continuity, changes, sequences, illustrations, emphasis, causes, locations, comparisons, conclusions, precision, and non-verbal signals.
Word Formation
- Clipping: Shortening words while retaining meaning.
- Kennings: Compound words describing objects poetically (e.g., "Sky-candle").
- Allegory: Text containing deeper abstract meaning.
- Techniques: Author's style, word choice, and tone.
Basic Literary Styles
- Expository/Argumentative: Explains topics objectively.
- Descriptive: Uses imagery to depict scenes.
- Persuasive: Aims to convince through reasoning.
- Narrative: Tells a story, maintaining a plot structure.
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