Grammar Quiz: Subject-Verb Agreement & Punctuation

Definition: The subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number (singular/plural).
Singular subjects: Require singular verbs (e.g., She runs).
Plural subjects: Require plural verbs (e.g., They run).
Compound subjects: Joined by "and" take a plural verb (e.g., Tom and Jerry are friends).
Indefinite pronouns: Some (e.g., everyone, someone) take singular verbs.
Collective nouns: Can be singular or plural depending on context (e.g., The team wins vs. The team are arguing).

Periods (.): End declarative sentences.
Commas (,): Used to separate items in a list, before conjunctions in compound sentences, and after introductory phrases.
Semicolons (;): Connect closely related independent clauses.
Colons (:): Introduce lists or explanations.
Quotation Marks (" "): Indicate direct speech or quotations.
Apostrophes ('): Show possession (e.g., the dog’s leash) or form contractions (e.g., don’t).
Exclamation Points (!): Express strong emotions or commands.

Nouns: Names of people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., cat, city, happiness).
Pronouns: Substitute for nouns (e.g., he, she, it).
Verbs: Action or state of being words (e.g., run, is).
Adjectives: Describe nouns (e.g., blue, tall).
Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very).
Prepositions: Show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words (e.g., in, on, at).
Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or).
Interjections: Express strong emotion (e.g., wow, ouch).

Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause (e.g., The cat sleeps).
Compound Sentence: Consists of two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., I like coffee, and she likes tea).
Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., Although it was raining, we went for a walk).
Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause (e.g., While I enjoy reading, my friend prefers watching movies, and he often invites me).

Present Simple: Describes habitual actions or general truths (e.g., She writes).
Present Continuous: Describes ongoing actions (e.g., She is writing).
Past Simple: Describes completed actions in the past (e.g., She wrote).
Past Continuous: Describes ongoing actions in the past (e.g., She was writing).
Future Simple: Describes actions that will happen (e.g., She will write).
Future Continuous: Describes ongoing actions that will occur in the future (e.g., She will be writing).
Present Perfect: Describes actions that occurred at an unspecified time (e.g., She has written).
Past Perfect: Describes actions completed before another past action (e.g., She had written).
Future Perfect: Describes actions that will be completed before a specific future time (e.g., She will have written).

Subjects and verbs must agree in number (singular or plural).
Singular subjects take singular verbs (e.g., She runs).
Plural subjects take plural verbs (e.g., They run).
Compound subjects joined by "and" require plural verbs (e.g., Tom and Jerry are friends).
Indefinite pronouns (e.g., everyone, someone) typically take singular verbs.
Collective nouns may be singular or plural based on context (e.g., The team wins vs. The team are arguing).

Periods (.) are used to end declarative sentences.
Commas (,) function to separate items in lists, before conjunctions in compound sentences, and after introductory phrases.
Semicolons (;) connect closely related independent clauses.
Colons (:) are used to introduce lists or provide explanations.
Quotation marks (" ") indicate direct speech or quotations.
Apostrophes (') denote possession (e.g., the dog’s leash) and form contractions (e.g., don’t).
Exclamation points (!) express strong emotions or commands.

Nouns refer to people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., cat, city, happiness).
Pronouns substitute for nouns (e.g., he, she, it).
Verbs represent actions or states of being (e.g., run, is).
Adjectives describe nouns (e.g., blue, tall).
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very).
Prepositions show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words (e.g., in, on, at).
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or).
Interjections express strong emotion (e.g., wow, ouch).

Simple sentences contain one independent clause (e.g., The cat sleeps).
Compound sentences consist of two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., I like coffee, and she likes tea).
Complex sentences include one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., Although it was raining, we went for a walk).
Compound-complex sentences have multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause (e.g., While I enjoy reading, my friend prefers watching movies, and he often invites me).

Present Simple describes habitual actions or general truths (e.g., She writes).
Present Continuous indicates ongoing actions (e.g., She is writing).
Past Simple refers to completed actions in the past (e.g., She wrote).
Past Continuous describes ongoing actions from the past (e.g., She was writing).
Future Simple anticipates actions that will happen (e.g., She will write).
Future Continuous outlines ongoing actions that will occur in the future (e.g., She will be writing).
Present Perfect conveys actions that occurred at an unspecified time (e.g., She has written).
Past Perfect indicates actions completed before another past action (e.g., She had written).
Future Perfect describes actions to be completed before a specific future time (e.g., She will have written).