Gr 10 Physical Sciences Term 1
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Questions and Answers

What is a pulse?

  • A collection of multiple waves that overlap
  • A continuous wave that moves through a medium
  • A single disturbance that moves through a medium (correct)
  • A stationary wave that remains in one place

    • In a transverse pulse, what is the direction of the disturbance?

  • At an angle to the direction of motion of the pulse
  • Opposite to the direction of motion of the pulse
  • Parallel to the direction of motion of the pulse
  • Perpendicular to the direction of motion of the pulse (correct)

    • What is the amplitude of a pulse?

  • The distance the pulse travels
  • The maximum disturbance or distance the medium is displaced from its rest position (correct)
  • The frequency of the pulse
  • The time it takes for the pulse to travel a certain distance

    • What is the pulse length?

    <p>A measurement of how long the pulse is from one end to the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for amplitude?

    <p>Meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the investigation: Observation of Pulses?

    <p>To understand the concept of a pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to create a pulse?

    <p>An initial action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pulse is created when a rope is flicked up and down?

    <p>Transverse pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of motion of particles in a transverse wave?

    <p>Perpendicular to the direction of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the highest point on a wave?

    <p>Crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motion does the wave itself exhibit in a transverse wave?

    <p>Horizontal motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest point on a wave?

    <p>Trough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum disturbance or displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position called?

    <p>Amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of crests and troughs in wave motion?

    <p>They characterize the wave and allow it to transport energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the wave's travel in a transverse wave?

    <p>Horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between amplitude and energy in a wave?

    <p>Higher amplitude corresponds to higher energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in an online simulation of a transverse wave?

    <p>Both particle and wave motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a transverse wave?

    <p>A wave that moves particles perpendicular to the direction of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of amplitude?

    <p>Metre (m)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pulse speed?

    <p>The distance a pulse travels per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of superposition?

    <p>When two disturbances occupy the same space at the same time, the resulting disturbance is the sum of the two disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when two pulses meet and their disturbances add together to create a larger pulse?

    <p>Constructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting disturbance when two pulses meet and their disturbances partially or completely cancel each other out?

    <p>Destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a transverse wave?

    <p>A wave where the motion of the particles of the medium is perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is traveling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the motion of the particles of the medium in a transverse wave?

    <p>Perpendicular to the direction of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pulse length?

    <p>The horizontal length of the disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amplitudes of the pulses after they interact and pass through each other?

    <p>They remain unchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a wave?

    <p>A periodic, continuous disturbance that consists of a train of pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of amplitude in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>metres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equilibrium position of a wave?

    <p>The position of the medium without a wave disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amplitude of a wave?

    <p>The distance between the equilibrium position and a crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from the amplitude of a wave?

    <p>The energy of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are points in phase on a wave?

    <p>Points that are separated by an integer multiple of wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of a wave?

    <p>The distance between any two adjacent points that are in phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when points in phase interact with each other?

    <p>They constructively interfere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when points out of phase interact with each other?

    <p>They destructively interfere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding phase relationships important in waves?

    <p>To analyze wave interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent amplitude?

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compression in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where the particles of the medium are closest together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>The distance between two consecutive points that are in phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amplitude of a longitudinal wave?

    <p>The maximum displacement from equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of a wave?

    <p>The time taken by the wave to move one wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of a wave?

    <p>v = λ/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of a wave?

    <p>The number of wavelengths per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the speed of sound?

    <p>m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the period and frequency of a wave?

    <p>The period and frequency are inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects the speed of sound?

    <p>Medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the informal experiment: Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air?

    <p>To measure the speed of sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for wave speed?

    <p>Meters per second (m·s⁻¹)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of a wave?

    <p>The time taken for two successive crests to pass a fixed point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for frequency?

    <p>Hertz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an echo?

    <p>A reflected sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between two successive compressions in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>One wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of SONAR?

    <p>To determine ocean depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wave speed?

    <p>The distance a wave travels per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between period and frequency?

    <p>They are inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wave speed?

    <p>The distance a wave travels per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During one period, how far does a longitudinal wave travel?

    <p>One wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals uses echolocation?

    <p>Dolphins and bats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pitch?

    <p>The perception of the frequency of a sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation for wave speed?

    <p>v = λ / T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of sound in air at sea level and 21°C under normal atmospheric conditions?

    <p>344 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of longitudinal waves?

    <p>The particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave's propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compression in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where the particles of the medium are closest together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following media does sound travel the fastest?

    <p>Solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for wavelength?

    <p>Metre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding period and frequency?

    <p>To describe the behavior of different types of waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for wave speed?

    <p>v</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum speed at which information or matter can travel?

    <p>3 × 10^8 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behavior does EM radiation exhibit when it reflects, refracts, and diffracts?

    <p>Wave-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the concept that EM radiation can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties?

    <p>Wave-particle duality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of polarization filters in demonstrating the wave-like nature of light?

    <p>To allow only waves oscillating in a specific direction to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the propagation of EM waves?

    <p>No medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the range of EM radiation types, from radio waves to gamma rays?

    <p>Electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of X-rays and gamma rays in medicine?

    <p>Medical imaging and treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation is used in remote controls?

    <p>Infrared radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bending of light as it changes speed and direction when passing from one medium to another?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of different types of EM radiation in astronomy?

    <p>Studying various celestial phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the pitch of a sound wave?

    <p>Frequency of the sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies that humans can detect?

    <p>20 Hz to 20,000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz?

    <p>Infrasounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the wavelength of a sound wave?

    <p>$\lambda = v/f$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a higher amplitude on a sound wave?

    <p>The sound wave becomes louder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz?

    <p>Ultrasounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the industrial applications of ultrasound?

    <p>Cleaning jewelry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Reflection of sound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of ultrasound in physical therapy?

    <p>Generating localized heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies used in ultrasonic cleaning?

    <p>15 kHz to 40 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths for visible light?

    <p>From 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>It is continuous and infinite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between electric and magnetic fields?

    <p>A changing electric field generates a magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field generates an electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UVA radiation on the skin?

    <p>It penetrates deeply and leads to long-term skin damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of EM waves in a vacuum?

    <p>Approximately 3 × 10^8 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?

    <p>Ionizing radiation can cause chemical changes, while non-ionizing radiation cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies for X-rays?

    <p>Between 3 × 10^14 and 3 × 10^17 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>It filters out much of the harmful UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of gamma rays in medical equipment?

    <p>Sterilization of medical equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of X-rays in medical imaging?

    <p>To enable detailed internal imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the speed, frequency, and wavelength of an EM wave?

    <p>c = f λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gamma rays on biological tissues?

    <p>They can cause cellular damage and increase cancer risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between frequency and energy in the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>Higher frequency means higher energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of EM radiation is used in microwave ovens?

    <p>Microwaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to regulate the use of ionizing radiation?

    <p>To prevent cellular damage and increased cancer risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths for ultraviolet light?

    <p>Between 10 and 400 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields in an EM wave?

    <p>Perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of infrared radiation in industry?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of EM radiation with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies?

    <p>Radio waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern about microwave radiation?

    <p>It is linked to brain cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is precise targeting and controlled exposure necessary when handling gamma radiation?

    <p>Because it can cause significant collateral damage to healthy tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended way to reduce potential risks from microwave radiation?

    <p>Keeping phones away from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have studies on populations exposed to high doses of gamma radiation shown?

    <p>Increased rates of leukemia and other cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ionizing radiation?

    <p>It can cause significant collateral damage to healthy tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand and manage the use of EM radiation?

    <p>Because it has potential health risks that necessitate careful consideration and precautionary measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a transverse pulse and a wave?

    <p>The direction of motion of the particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental property of a pulse that remains constant over time?

    <p>Amplitude and pulse length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of superposition?

    <p>When two pulses meet, their disturbances combine to create a new pulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pulse length when the amplitude of a pulse increases?

    <p>It remains constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of measuring the amplitude and pulse length of a pulse?

    <p>To understand the properties of the pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when two pulses meet and their disturbances add together to create a larger pulse?

    <p>Constructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of a pulse?

    <p>It is a continuous disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pulse speed?

    <p>The distance a pulse travels per unit time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for pulse speed?

    <p>Metre per second (m/s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the amplitude of a pulse if its maximum disturbance is 0.5 meters?

    <p>The pulse is very strong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a pulse is created by flicking a rope?

    <p>The disturbance moves along the rope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interference occurs when two pulses meet and their disturbances partially or completely cancel each other out?

    <p>Destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the motion of the particles of the medium in a transverse wave?

    <p>Perpendicular to the direction of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand the properties of pulses?

    <p>To understand the behavior of pulses in different mediums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amplitude of a pulse and its energy?

    <p>The amplitude is directly proportional to the energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amplitudes of the pulses after they interact and pass through each other?

    <p>They remain the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a wave?

    <p>A periodic, continuous disturbance that consists of a train of pulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of a pulse?

    <p>v = D/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of motion of particles in a transverse wave?

    <p>vertically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the highest point on a wave?

    <p>crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of crests and troughs in wave motion?

    <p>to transmit energy through the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between amplitude and energy in a wave?

    <p>higher amplitude means more energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a transverse wave, what is the direction of the wave's travel?

    <p>horizontally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in an online simulation of a transverse wave?

    <p>how particles oscillate perpendicularly to the wave's travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of amplitude in a wave?

    <p>the maximum disturbance or displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding crests and troughs in transverse waves?

    <p>to understand how waves transmit energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a transverse wave?

    <p>a wave where the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from the amplitude of a wave?

    <p>the energy carried by the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of amplitude in a wave?

    <p>The maximum displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring amplitude?

    <p>To comprehend the energy of a wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of points in phase on a wave?

    <p>Points that are at the same stage in their periodic motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of a wave?

    <p>The distance between any two adjacent points that are in phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when points in phase interact with each other?

    <p>They constructively interfere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding phase relationships in waves?

    <p>To analyze wave interactions, such as interference patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent wavelength?

    <p>λ (lambda)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two points on a wave are separated by an integer multiple of wavelengths?

    <p>They are in phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between amplitude and energy in a wave?

    <p>Higher amplitude waves have more energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for amplitude in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Metres (m)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of a wave?

    <p>The time taken for two successive crests or troughs to pass a fixed point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of a wave?

    <p>The number of successive crests or troughs passing a given point in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between period and frequency?

    <p>They are inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for wave speed?

    <p>Metre per second (m/s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of a wave?

    <p>The distance between two successive crests or troughs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wave equation?

    <p>v = λ × f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a longitudinal wave?

    <p>The displacement of the medium is parallel to the direction of the wave's propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compression in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where the particles of the medium are closest together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding period and frequency?

    <p>It is crucial in various fields of physics and engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for frequency?

    <p>Hertz (Hz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a compression in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where the particles are closest together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>The distance between two consecutive compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amplitude of a longitudinal wave?

    <p>The maximum increase in pressure from the equilibrium pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of a wave?

    <p>The time taken by the wave to move one wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the period and frequency of a wave?

    <p>The period is inversely proportional to the frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for wave speed?

    <p>meters per second (m·s⁻¹)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wave speed?

    <p>The distance a wave travels per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of a wave?

    <p>v = λ / T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a rarefaction in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where the particles are furthest apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during a rarefaction in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>The density and pressure of the medium decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of a wave?

    <p>v = λ × f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the speed of sound?

    <p>m·s⁻¹</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects the speed of sound?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the informal experiment: Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air?

    <p>To measure the speed of sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pitch?

    <p>The frequency of a sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest point on a wave?

    <p>Trough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for wavelength?

    <p>m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the period and frequency of a wave?

    <p>f = 1/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reflection of sound waves?

    <p>Echo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of SONAR?

    <p>To measure the distance to the seabed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the pitch of a sound?

    <p>The frequency of the sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies that humans can detect?

    <p>20 Hz to 20,000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sound waves with frequencies higher than 20 kHz?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of ultrasound in medical imaging?

    <p>To visualize muscles and soft tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ultrasonic cleaners operate?

    <p>By using high-frequency sound waves to create vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between amplitude and loudness?

    <p>Loudness is directly proportional to amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the wavelength of a sound wave?

    <p>λ = v / f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the perceived loudness of a sound?

    <p>The amplitude of the sound wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sound waves with frequencies lower than 20 Hz?

    <p>Infrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of ultrasound in welding of plastics?

    <p>To generate high-frequency vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ionizing radiations require precise targeting and controlled exposure?

    <p>To prevent collateral damage to healthy tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concern with microwave radiation?

    <p>There is inconclusive evidence linking it to brain cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths of visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>400-700 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking simple steps like using hands-free devices and keeping phones away from the body?

    <p>To reduce potential risks associated with microwave radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>It is continuous and has no gaps between different types of radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate speed of light in a vacuum?

    <p>3 × 10^8 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand and manage the use of different types of EM radiation?

    <p>To protect human health and safety from potential risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the greatest penetrating power?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation is used in medical diagnostics and treatments?

    <p>X-rays and gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of studies on populations exposed to high doses of gamma radiation?

    <p>Increased rates of leukemia and other cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the dual nature of electromagnetic radiation, exhibiting both wave-like and particle-like properties?

    <p>Wave-particle duality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ionizing radiation on biological tissues?

    <p>It causes chemical changes and damage to biological tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of electromagnetic radiation that allows it to travel through the vacuum of space?

    <p>Its ability to propagate without a medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>It filters out much of the harmful UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommendation of the World Health Organization regarding microwave radiation?

    <p>Minimize exposure as a precautionary measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between UVA and UVB radiation?

    <p>UVA penetrates deeply, while UVB causes sunburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon observed when light passes through a narrow slit or encounters an obstacle, resulting in patterns of constructive and destructive interference?

    <p>Diffraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the particles that make up electromagnetic radiation, which carry energy?

    <p>Photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of gamma rays in medical treatments?

    <p>They are used to target and destroy cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of X-rays on the human body?

    <p>They cause cellular damage with prolonged exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an application of electromagnetic radiation in everyday technology?

    <p>Infrared radiation in remote controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bending of light as it changes speed and direction when passing from one medium to another?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the electromagnetic spectrum in wireless communication?

    <p>It is used in Bluetooth and Wi-Fi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of radiation based on its energy?

    <p>Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of electromagnetic radiation that allows it to exhibit interference and diffraction?

    <p>Wave-like behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of electromagnetic waves propagating through a medium, generating oscillating electric and magnetic fields?

    <p>Electromagnetic wave propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the propagation of EM waves?

    <p>Mutual induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

    <p>3 × 10^8 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the speed, frequency, and wavelength of an EM wave?

    <p>c = f × λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of EM radiation has the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of X-rays in medicine?

    <p>Medical imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical application of microwaves?

    <p>Food heating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of infrared radiation in industry?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies for visible light?

    <p>4.3 × 10^14 to 7.5 × 10^14 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gamma rays in food sterilization?

    <p>To eliminate bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of electromagnetic radiation based on?

    <p>Frequency and wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a pulse?

    <p>It is a single disturbance that moves through a medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the investigation: Observation of Pulses?

    <p>To understand the concept of a pulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of motion of a transverse pulse?

    <p>Perpendicular to the direction of the disturbance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amplitude and pulse length of a pulse?

    <p>The amplitude is independent of the pulse length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding amplitude and pulse length?

    <p>They are important for understanding the properties of pulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed during the investigation: Observation of Pulses?

    <p>The pulse moving down the length of the rope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement of the maximum disturbance or distance the medium is displaced from its rest position?

    <p>Amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from the amplitude of a pulse?

    <p>The energy of the pulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance a pulse travels per unit time?

    <p>Pulse speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two pulses meet and their disturbances add together to create a larger pulse?

    <p>Constructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting disturbance when two pulses meet and their disturbances partially or completely cancel each other out?

    <p>Destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle that describes the interaction of two pulses when they meet?

    <p>Superposition of pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of motion of the particles in a transverse wave?

    <p>Perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wave is a wave where the motion of the particles of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of the wave?

    <p>Transverse wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crests and troughs in a transverse wave?

    <p>They represent the points of maximum and minimum displacement of the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the pulse speed?

    <p>v = D/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amplitudes of the pulses after they interact and pass through each other?

    <p>They remain unchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the amplitude of a transverse wave?

    <p>The wave's energy increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for pulse speed?

    <p>Metre per second (m/s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing crests and troughs in a transverse wave?

    <p>To understand the motion and behavior of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do particles of the medium move in a transverse wave?

    <p>In an oscillatory motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a wave?

    <p>A periodic, continuous disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the wave motion in a transverse wave?

    <p>The wave moves horizontally through the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of constructive interference?

    <p>When two pulses meet and their disturbances add together to create a larger pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between particle motion and wave motion?

    <p>Particle motion is perpendicular to the wave direction, while wave motion is horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in an online simulation of a transverse wave?

    <p>Both particle motion and wave motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between amplitude and energy in a transverse wave?

    <p>As amplitude increases, energy increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of amplitude in a transverse wave?

    <p>The maximum disturbance or displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amplitude of a wave?

    <p>The maximum displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of a wave?

    <p>The distance between any two adjacent points that are in phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of a wave?

    <p>The time it takes for two successive crests to pass a fixed point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when points in phase interact with each other?

    <p>They constructively interfere, resulting in a larger amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding phase relationships in waves?

    <p>To analyze wave interactions, such as interference patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when points out of phase interact with each other?

    <p>They destructively interfere, reducing the amplitude or canceling the wave altogether</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between amplitude and energy in a wave?

    <p>Higher amplitude waves carry more energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of points in phase on a wave?

    <p>Points that are separated by an integer multiple of wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of crests and troughs in wave motion?

    <p>They are points of maximum and minimum displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of amplitude in understanding wave behavior?

    <p>It indicates the energy of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for frequency?

    <p>Hertz (Hz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between period and frequency?

    <p>They are inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of a wave?

    <p>v = λ × f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wave speed?

    <p>The distance a wave travels per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for wave speed?

    <p>Metres per second (m/s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a compression in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where particles are closest together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a compression and a rarefaction?

    <p>A compression has higher density, while a rarefaction has lower density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding period and frequency?

    <p>To describe the behavior of different types of waves, including sound waves and light waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of higher frequencies?

    <p>They relate to higher energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wave speed in terms of wavelength and period?

    <p>v = λ ÷ T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are furthest apart?

    <p>Rarefaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum displacement from equilibrium in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>Amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between two consecutive compressions or rarefactions in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the period and frequency of a wave?

    <p>Frequency is inversely proportional to period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of a longitudinal wave?

    <p>v = λ × f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the speed of sound?

    <p>meters per second (m/s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time taken by the wave to move one wavelength?

    <p>Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of wavelengths per second?

    <p>Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance a wave travels per unit time?

    <p>Speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the factor that affects the speed of sound?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the speed of sound in different media?

    <p>Density of the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an echo?

    <p>A reflected sound wave heard after the original sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies that humans can detect?

    <p>20 Hz to 20,000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the informal experiment: Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air?

    <p>To measure the speed of sound in air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of sound?

    <p>v = D/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the perception of the frequency of a sound wave?

    <p>Pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals uses echolocation to navigate?

    <p>Dolphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum disturbance or displacement of the medium from its equilibrium position?

    <p>Amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind SONAR technology?

    <p>Reflection of sound waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the speed of sound?

    <p>m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range of ultrasound waves?

    <p>Above 20 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an application of ultrasound in the industrial field?

    <p>Cleaning of jewelry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Reflection of sound waves at tissue boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

    <p>Approximately 3 × 10^8 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>A range of EM radiation types, including radio waves and gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exhibits both wave-like and particle-like behavior?

    <p>Electromagnetic radiation, including visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ultrasound in medical imaging?

    <p>To visualize muscles, soft tissues, and internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the industrial application of ultrasound in cleaning?

    <p>Operating at frequencies between 20 and 40 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of breaking up kidney stones using ultrasound?

    <p>Focused ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amplitude and energy of a wave?

    <p>The amplitude of a wave is directly proportional to its energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the speed, frequency, and wavelength of an electromagnetic wave?

    <p>c = f × λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the category of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 100,000 and 1,000,000 nanometers?

    <p>Microwaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used in sterilization processes and medical imaging?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ultraviolet light in the context of bees?

    <p>Locating flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths for visible light?

    <p>400-700 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>Continuous and infinite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the application of infrared radiation in industry?

    <p>Laser metal cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the range of frequencies from 3 × 10^12 to 4.3 × 10^14 Hz?

    <p>Infrared radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of radio waves in communication?

    <p>Radio and television broadcasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why we can only utilize a limited range of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>Practical technological limitations restrict the range of frequencies we can currently utilize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the greatest penetrating power?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?

    <p>Ionizing radiation can cause chemical changes and damage to biological tissues, while non-ionizing radiation cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>To filter out ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using X-rays in medical imaging?

    <p>They can penetrate soft tissues and bones, making them useful in medical imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding microwave radiation from communication devices?

    <p>It may pose health risks, necessitating precautions to minimize exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between UVA and UVB radiation?

    <p>UVA radiation penetrates deeply, while UVB radiation causes sunburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using gamma rays in medical treatments?

    <p>To target and destroy cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding the use of gamma radiation in medical treatments?

    <p>It can cause significant collateral damage to healthy tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the World Health Organization's recommendation to minimize exposure to microwave radiation?

    <p>It may pose health risks, necessitating precautions to minimize exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of EM waves that distinguishes them from mechanical waves?

    <p>They can travel through the vacuum of space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the dual nature of EM radiation?

    <p>Wave-particle duality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following applications of EM radiation is used in medical diagnostics?

    <p>X-rays and gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the behavior of EM radiation when it passes through a narrow slit or encounters an obstacle?

    <p>It bends and creates patterns of constructive and destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of light changing speed and direction as it passes from one medium to another?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the direction of light waves?

    <p>Transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields in EM waves?

    <p>They are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of wave propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of EM waves in a vacuum?

    <p>approximately 3 x 10^8 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the discrete packets of energy that make up EM radiation?

    <p>Photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of light waves to oscillate in various directions?

    <p>Polarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a pulse from a wave?

    <p>The single disturbance that moves through a medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the observation in the investigation: Observation of Pulses?

    <p>It shows the movement of the disturbance along the rope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amplitude and pulse length of a pulse?

    <p>They are independent properties of a pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the disturbance in a transverse pulse when the rope is flicked horizontally?

    <p>Vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of defining the amplitude and pulse length of a pulse?

    <p>To understand the properties of pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the rope being heavy in the investigation: Observation of Pulses?

    <p>It provides a clear observation of the pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a pulse and a wave in terms of their motion?

    <p>The type of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the amplitude of a pulse?

    <p>Meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a transverse wave from other types of waves?

    <p>The particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum positive displacement of a particle in a transverse wave?

    <p>Crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of observing crests and troughs in a transverse wave?

    <p>To understand the wave's energy transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two transverse waves with the same amplitude and frequency intersect?

    <p>The resulting wave has a higher amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent the amplitude of a wave?

    <p>A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amplitude of a wave and its energy?

    <p>Higher amplitude corresponds to higher energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the wave propagation in a transverse wave?

    <p>Perpendicular to the medium's particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in an online simulation of a transverse wave?

    <p>The particles' oscillatory motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lowest point on a wave where the medium reaches its maximum negative displacement?

    <p>Trough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of understanding transverse waves?

    <p>To understand energy transmission through the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental property of a pulse that indicates its amplitude remains constant over time?

    <p>Amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two pulses meet and their disturbances add together to create a larger pulse, what type of interference occurs?

    <p>Constructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the pulse speed?

    <p>v = D/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the principle of superposition when two pulses meet?

    <p>The resulting disturbance is the sum of the two disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of motion of the particles of the medium in a transverse wave?

    <p>Perpendicular to the direction of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amplitude of a pulse after it interacts with another pulse and passes through it?

    <p>The amplitude remains unchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance traveled by a pulse per unit time?

    <p>Pulse speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interference occurs when two pulses meet and their disturbances partially or completely cancel each other out?

    <p>Destructive interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for pulse speed?

    <p>Metre per second (m/s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a wave?

    <p>A periodic, continuous disturbance that consists of a train of pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of amplitude in a wave?

    <p>It indicates the energy of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two points on a wave are said to be in phase if they are separated by:

    <p>An integer multiple of wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength of a wave?

    <p>The distance between any two adjacent points that are in phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when points in phase interact with each other?

    <p>They constructively interfere, resulting in a larger amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the period of a wave?

    <p>The time taken for two successive crests to pass a fixed point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding phase relationships important in waves?

    <p>It helps in analyzing wave interactions, such as interference patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of points out of phase?

    <p>Points that are not separated by an integer multiple of wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when points out of phase interact with each other?

    <p>They destructively interfere, reducing the amplitude or canceling the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of amplitude in understanding wave behavior?

    <p>It carries information about the energy of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the period and frequency of a wave?

    <p>They are inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between two consecutive points that are in phase in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>Wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum displacement from equilibrium in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>Amplitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent frequency in a wave?

    <p>f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why ultrasound is used for cleaning jewelry and other delicate items?

    <p>The energy released from the collapse of microscopic bubbles in the cleaning fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the speed of a longitudinal wave?

    <p>m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between period and frequency in a wave?

    <p>f = 1/T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ultrasound in medical imaging?

    <p>To visualize muscles, soft tissues, and internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the range of electromagnetic radiation types, including visible light, radio waves, and gamma rays?

    <p>Electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of a longitudinal wave?

    <p>v = λf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light in a vacuum, approximately?

    <p>3 x 10^8 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects the speed of sound?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why certain animals, such as dogs and dolphins, can hear ultrasound?

    <p>Their ears are more sensitive to certain frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a rarefaction in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where the particles are furthest apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of knowing the wavelength in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>To calculate the speed of the wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of generating localized heat in biological tissues using ultrasound?

    <p>Focused ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of ultrasound imaging?

    <p>Reflection of sound waves at boundaries between different tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a compression in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where the particles are closest together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the frequency of a wave?

    <p>Hertz (Hz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of ultrasound to break up kidney stones?

    <p>Lithotripsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the period and frequency of a wave?

    <p>The period is inversely proportional to the frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of ultrasound in industrial settings?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the speed of a transverse wave?

    <p>Metres per second (m/s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the property of electromagnetic radiation that allows it to exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior?

    <p>Dual nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a compression in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>A region where the particles of the medium are closest together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the speed of a wave?

    <p>v = λ × f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding period and frequency in physics and engineering?

    <p>They are important in the study of all types of waves, including sound, light, and water waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of the period of a wave?

    <p>The time taken for one complete cycle of the wave to pass a given point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of a wave?

    <p>The wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of wave speed?

    <p>The distance a wave travels per unit time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the wavelength of a wave?

    <p>Metres (m)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why sound travels faster in denser media?

    <p>Particles are closer together, resulting in a higher frequency of sound waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the speed of sound in air?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the informal experiment: Measuring the Speed of Sound in Air?

    <p>To measure the speed of sound in air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the perception of the frequency of a sound wave?

    <p>Pitch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the wavelength of a sound wave?

    <p>λ = v ÷ f</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies that humans can detect?

    <p>20 Hz to 20,000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reflected sound wave that is heard after the original sound?

    <p>Echo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of SONAR?

    <p>To determine ocean depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process used by animals like dolphins and bats to navigate?

    <p>Echolocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the amplitude and loudness of a sound wave?

    <p>Amplitude is directly proportional to loudness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of EM waves that allows them to travel through the vacuum of space?

    <p>They have a dual nature, exhibiting both wave-like and particle-like properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where EM radiation exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties?

    <p>Wave-particle duality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following applications of EM radiation is used in medical diagnostics and treatments?

    <p>X-rays and gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light in a vacuum, approximately?

    <p>3 × 10^8 meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where a changing electric field generates a magnetic field, and a changing magnetic field generates an electric field?

    <p>Mutual induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the oscillation of light waves?

    <p>Perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where light bends and creates patterns of constructive and destructive interference?

    <p>Diffraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the property of EM radiation that allows it to travel through a medium with a speed slower than in a vacuum?

    <p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the discrete packets of energy that make up EM radiation?

    <p>Photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the filter that allows only light waves oscillating in a specific direction to pass through?

    <p>Polarization filter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why gamma rays are used in medical treatments?

    <p>Because they can target and destroy cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between UVA and UVB rays?

    <p>UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of radiation that has enough energy to ionize atoms and molecules?

    <p>Ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ozone layer in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>To filter out UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding microwave radiation?

    <p>It may pose health risks with prolonged exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why X-rays are used in medical imaging?

    <p>Because they can penetrate soft tissues and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of radiation that does not have enough energy to ionize atoms and molecules?

    <p>Non-ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding gamma radiation?

    <p>It can cause significant cellular damage with prolonged exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies of ultraviolet light in the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>7.5 × 10^14 to 3 × 10^17 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using hands-free devices and keeping phones away from the body?

    <p>To minimize exposure to microwave radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of gamma rays in the medical field?

    <p>Sterilization of medical equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the World Health Organization recommends minimizing exposure to microwave radiation?

    <p>Because it may pose health risks with prolonged exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the electromagnetic spectrum that allows it to be classified into different types of radiation?

    <p>Wavelength and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths of visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>Four hundred to seven hundred nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of infrared radiation in industrial processes?

    <p>Detection of heat differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of microwaves in communication systems?

    <p>Mobile phones and satellite communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the electromagnetic spectrum that allows it to extend beyond the known limits in both directions?

    <p>Infinite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of frequencies of X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum?

    <p>3 × 10^17 to 3 × 10^19 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of radio waves in communication systems?

    <p>Radio and television broadcasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the wavelength and frequency of an electromagnetic wave?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines the penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of electromagnetic radiation is reflected off the surface of the human body and does not penetrate deeply?

    <p>Visible Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of UV radiation penetrates deeply into the skin, reaching the dermis?

    <p>UVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of X-rays in medical imaging?

    <p>To visualize bones and internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Earth's ozone layer important?

    <p>It protects against UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UV radiation on DNA molecules in skin cells?

    <p>It causes them to mutate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of prolonged exposure to X-rays?

    <p>It can cause cellular damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why animals are able to detect natural disasters before they occur?

    <p>Heightened senses, particularly their sense of smell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of objects becoming charged through contact or friction?

    <p>Tribo-electric charging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force exerted by static charges on each other?

    <p>Electrostatic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe objects that have an equal amount of positive and negative charge?

    <p>Electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of charge carried by protons?

    <p>Positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the arrangement of materials based on their tendency to gain or lose electrons?

    <p>Tribo-electric series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two objects with opposite charges come close to each other?

    <p>They attract each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the strength of the electrostatic force between two charges?

    <p>Distance-dependent force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a material is more negative in the tribo-electric series?

    <p>It gains electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of animals to detect natural disasters before they occur?

    <p>Survival instinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation can cause cellular damage and increase the risk of cancer?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency?

    <p>The energy of a photon is directly related to its frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of Planck's constant?

    <p>6.63 × 10^-34 J·s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of electromagnetic radiation is used in cellphones?

    <p>Microwave radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can help protect the retina from UV radiation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between radiation exposure and mortality from cancer in Russian nuclear workers?

    <p>Direct correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advice to minimize exposure to microwave radiation from cellphones?

    <p>Use hands-free devices, keep phones away from the body, and avoid using cellphones in cars without an external antenna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where animals predict natural disasters?

    <p>Animal behavior and natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation can cause DNA alterations and hereditary diseases?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of charge?

    <p>Electron charge (e)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a charged object is brought close to a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator is polarized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of conductors that allows them to distribute charge evenly?

    <p>Electrons can move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electrostatic force between like charges?

    <p>Repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for charge?

    <p>Coulomb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the experiment known for measuring the charge of an electron?

    <p>Millikan's oil drop experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of insulators that prevents the even distribution of charge?

    <p>Electrons are bound to the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of two conductors touching when they have an excess charge?

    <p>The charges are shared evenly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of the electrostatic force proportional to?

    <p>The inverse of the distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between conductors and insulators?

    <p>Conductors allow free movement of electrons, while insulators do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when two identical conductors touch?

    <p>They share the total charge between them, resulting in each having half of the total charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electrostatic force between like charges?

    <p>Repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of potential difference?

    <p>The energy required to move a charge from one point to another in an electric field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in an electric circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference between two points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for potential difference?

    <p>Volts (V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electrostatic force between opposite charges?

    <p>Attractive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between charges?

    <p>The strength of the electrostatic force is inversely proportional to the distance between charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a battery or power source in an electric circuit?

    <p>To provide the driving force for the flow of electric charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of ionizing radiation on biological tissues?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is most hazardous due to its potent ability to cause long-term health effects?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the body's natural defense against UV radiation?

    <p>To release melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UVA radiation on the skin?

    <p>It penetrates deeply into the skin, causing DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sunscreens with a SPF rating?

    <p>To protect against UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high-intensity UVB light on the eyes?

    <p>It can cause conditions such as photokeratitis and cataracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is carried by electrons?

    <p>Negative charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?

    <p>Ionizing radiation has enough energy to ionize atoms and molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with gamma rays in terms of radiation exposure?

    <p>They are a major concern in radiation exposure due to their potent ability to cause long-term health effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an imbalance in the number of positive and negative charges?

    <p>A charged object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of conservation of charge?

    <p>The net charge of an isolated system remains constant during any physical process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protective eyewear in terms of UV radiation?

    <p>To shield the eyes from UV light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UVB radiation on skin cells?

    <p>It excites DNA molecules in skin cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a conductor?

    <p>Electrons can move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an insulator?

    <p>Electrons are bound tightly to the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the charge on a conductor when an excess charge is placed on it?

    <p>The charge spreads out uniformly over the surface of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are sharp points on conductors a concern in practical applications?

    <p>They can cause charge to leak off due to high concentration of charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a lightning rod on a building?

    <p>To channel away excess charge and reduce the risk of a lightning strike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the repulsive forces between like charges on a conductor?

    <p>The charges spread out uniformly over the surface of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the charge on two identical conducting spheres when they come into contact?

    <p>The total charge is shared equally between the two spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess charge on an insulator?

    <p>It remains localized where it was deposited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrostatic force between like charges?

    <p>Repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes resistance in a conductor?

    <p>Collisions between electrons and atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the length of a conductor affect its resistance?

    <p>It doubles the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the cross-sectional area of a conductor?

    <p>It decreases the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the electrostatic force and the distance between charges?

    <p>It is inversely proportional to the distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a substance made of polarized molecules?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of resistance?

    <p>The opposition to the flow of electric charge in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through a circuit component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electromotive force (EMF) of a battery?

    <p>The maximum potential difference between the terminals of a battery when no current is flowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between open circuit and closed circuit measurements of a battery?

    <p>Open circuit measurement gives the EMF, while closed circuit measurement gives the terminal voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought near a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator experiences a slight shift in the positions of electrons and nuclei, creating a dipole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of current in a circuit?

    <p>The rate at which charge flows through a point in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of connecting an ammeter in series with a circuit component?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through the component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the charge on a conductor when it is brought into contact with another conductor?

    <p>The charge is shared equally between the two conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of polarisation?

    <p>The process of creating a dipole in an insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between conductors and insulators?

    <p>Conductors allow electrons to move freely, while insulators do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for current?

    <p>Ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the length of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The resistance increases as the length of the conductor increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do batteries eventually go flat?

    <p>Because their chemical potential energy is converted into electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in an electric circuit?

    <p>To allow the circuit to be opened or closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance of resistors connected in series?

    <p>The sum of the individual resistances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in an electric circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference across two points in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a superconductor?

    <p>It has no resistance at very low temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a light bulb in an electric circuit?

    <p>To emit light when current flows through it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance of resistors connected in parallel?

    <p>Less than the smallest individual resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ammeter in an electric circuit?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of charge, known as the elementary charge?

    <p>1.6 × 10^(-19) coulombs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a neutral insulator like polystyrene?

    <p>The electrons are attracted to the rod, and the nuclei are repelled from the rod.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the glass rod and the plastic rod attract each other in the electrostatic force experiment?

    <p>Because they have opposite charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for charge?

    <p>Coulomb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of polarisation in water when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on a single electron?

    <p>1.6 × 10^(-19) C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of charge carried by a single electron?

    <p>Elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the experiment that measured the charge of an electron?

    <p>Millikan's oil drop experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the alignment of dipoles in response to an electric field?

    <p>Attraction between the dipoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why higher frequency radiation can penetrate materials more effectively than lower frequency radiation?

    <p>Because higher frequency radiation has more energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation is mostly reflected off the surface of the human body and does not penetrate deeply?

    <p>Visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of UVA radiation on the skin?

    <p>Contributing to skin aging and DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Earth's ozone layer in relation to UV radiation?

    <p>Providing a shield against UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of X-rays in medical imaging?

    <p>Visualizing bones and internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk of prolonged or uncontrolled exposure to X-rays?

    <p>Causing cellular damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of UVB radiation on the skin?

    <p>Causing sunburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of conservation of charge?

    <p>The principle that states that the net charge of an isolated system remains constant during any physical process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the charge on two identical conducting spheres when they come into contact?

    <p>The charges on the spheres are equally distributed between the two spheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for materials that allow electrons to move freely?

    <p>Conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do sharp points on conductors cause charge to leak off?

    <p>Because of the high concentration of charge at the points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that exists between like charges?

    <p>Repulsive force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess charge on an insulator?

    <p>It remains concentrated where it was placed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of lightning rods on buildings?

    <p>To safely channel away any excess charge that might accumulate, thereby reducing the risk of a lightning strike.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for materials that do not allow electrons to move freely?

    <p>Insulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total charge when two charged objects come into contact and then separate?

    <p>The total charge remains the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do like charges repel each other?

    <p>Because they have the same type of charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation has enough energy to ionize atoms and molecules?

    <p>Ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with gamma radiation exposure?

    <p>Long-term health effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation can cause sunburn and increase the risk of skin cancer?

    <p>UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ozone layer in the atmosphere?

    <p>To block UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the highest energy form of electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>Gamma radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?

    <p>To tan the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation can cause DNA double-strand breaks?

    <p>Gamma radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using sunscreens?

    <p>To block UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation can cause burns?

    <p>Infrared radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with medical use of X-rays?

    <p>Minimizing exposure to reduce associated risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind sharks moving to deeper waters before hurricanes?

    <p>Changes in air pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific explanation behind rodents fleeing their burrows before earthquakes?

    <p>Subtle changes in the Earth's tilting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind elephants moving to higher ground before tsunamis?

    <p>Vibrations on the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism of animal behavior as a predictor of natural disasters?

    <p>Biased reporting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation can cause cellular damage and increase the risk of cancer?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net charge of an object with 8 positive charges and 6 negative charges?

    <p>+2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy of a photon directly related to?

    <p>Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can help protect the retina from UV radiation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which objects become charged through contact or friction?

    <p>Tribo-electric charging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of like charges on each other?

    <p>Repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for Planck's constant?

    <p>Joule-seconds (J·s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between gamma radiation exposure and increased mortality from?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the strength of the electrostatic force?

    <p>The distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge carried by protons?

    <p>Positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a precaution to minimize exposure to microwave radiation from cellphones?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where animals can predict earthquakes and other natural disasters?

    <p>Animal behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an object gains electrons?

    <p>It becomes negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of light in meters per second?

    <p>3 × 10^8 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>Frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of charge that is often used in electrostatics?

    <p>Microcoulombs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Charge can be quantised into integer multiples of the elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the force between two charges of the same type?

    <p>Repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of polarisation on a neutral insulator?

    <p>It creates a separation of charges within the insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of conductors that allows them to distribute charge evenly?

    <p>The ability to move electrons freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the charge of an electron?

    <p>Coulombs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Millikan's oil drop experiment?

    <p>It measured the charge of an electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of the electrostatic force proportional to?

    <p>The inverse of the square of the distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a charged object is brought close to a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator becomes polarised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of insulators that prevents the even distribution of charge?

    <p>The immobility of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an excess charge is placed on a conductor?

    <p>The like charges repel each other and spread out uniformly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrostatic force between two like charges?

    <p>Repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of potential difference?

    <p>The work done per unit charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do like charges repel each other?

    <p>Because they have the same type of charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two conductors touch?

    <p>They share the total charge between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of the electrostatic force dependent on?

    <p>The distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rubbing a glass rod with silk?

    <p>To create a positively charged rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the charge on an insulator when excess charge is placed on it?

    <p>It remains localized where it was deposited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle behind the attraction and repulsion between charged objects?

    <p>Like charges repel each other and opposite charges attract each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a neutral insulator like polystyrene?

    <p>The electrons are attracted and the nuclei are repelled towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of charge carried by a single electron?

    <p>-1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle that states that any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge?

    <p>Quantisation of charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the alignment of dipoles in a substance in response to an electric field?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between two charged objects with opposite charges?

    <p>Attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the experiment described in the investigation: Electrostatic Force?

    <p>To show the attraction and repulsion between charged objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the separation of charges within a neutral insulator when a charged object is brought close?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the force between two charged objects with opposite charges?

    <p>Along the line joining the two objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of charge carried by a single electron or proton?

    <p>Elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a light bulb filament has high resistance?

    <p>To heat up and emit light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of connecting resistors in parallel?

    <p>The total resistance is less than the smallest individual resistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in an electric circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference across two points in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a superconductor?

    <p>It has no resistance at very low temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why a battery goes flat?

    <p>All its chemical potential energy is used up and converted into other forms of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a switch in an electric circuit?

    <p>To allow the circuit to be opened or closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for the total resistance of resistors connected in series?

    <p>R_total = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of resistors on the current flow in an electric circuit?

    <p>Resistors decrease the current flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through a component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cellphone charger?

    <p>To control the current flow and voltage to charge the battery safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the length of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The resistance increases as the length of the conductor increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of electromotive force (EMF)?

    <p>The maximum work done per unit charge to move it through the entire circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of internal resistance on the terminal voltage of a battery?

    <p>It decreases the terminal voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a charged object can exert a force on a neutral insulator?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of conductors that allows them to distribute charge evenly?

    <p>Free movement of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for current?

    <p>Amps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of current?

    <p>The rate at which charge flows through a point in a circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two conductors touch and share the total charge?

    <p>Each conductor retains half of the total charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of polarisation on a neutral insulator?

    <p>It creates a dipole within the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of materials with natural dipoles?

    <p>They have distinct positive and negative sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why insulators do not allow free movement of electrons?

    <p>Electrons are bound to their atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the distance between two charges on the electrostatic force?

    <p>The force becomes weaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bringing a positively charged rod close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules attract the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of resistance in a conductor at a microscopic level?

    <p>The collisions between electrons and atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of doubling the length of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of doubling the cross-sectional area of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance halves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do light bulbs have high resistance?

    <p>Due to their thin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the opposition to the flow of electric charge in a circuit?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bringing a positively charged glass rod close to a negatively charged plastic rod?

    <p>The rods attract each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the degree of penetration of electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>The frequency and energy of the radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of EM radiation is most likely to cause sunburn?

    <p>UVB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UVA radiation on the skin?

    <p>It contributes to skin aging and DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is X-ray radiation useful for medical imaging?

    <p>Because it can pass through the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protects the Earth's surface from excessive UVB radiation?

    <p>The ozone layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UV radiation on DNA molecules in skin cells?

    <p>It excites DNA molecules, leading to mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is visible light not able to penetrate the skin deeply?

    <p>Because it is reflected off the surface of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between UVA and UVB radiation?

    <p>UVA penetrates more deeply into the skin, while UVB affects the outer layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern about X-rays in medical imaging?

    <p>Their potential to cause cellular damage and increase the risk of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency?

    <p>The energy of a photon increases with higher frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of Planck's constant?

    <p>6.63 × 10^-34 J·s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern about gamma rays?

    <p>Their ability to penetrate deeply into tissues and cause damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and its wavelength?

    <p>The energy of a photon decreases with longer wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using hands-free devices and keeping phones away from the body to minimize exposure to microwave radiation?

    <p>To reduce the risk of brain cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observed behavior of dogs and cats before natural disasters?

    <p>They exhibit unusual behaviors, such as howling or biting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of minimizing exposure to X-rays in medical procedures?

    <p>To minimize the risk of cellular damage and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between X-rays and gamma rays?

    <p>Their ability to penetrate tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle that states that the net charge of an isolated system remains constant during any physical process?

    <p>Principle of Conservation of Charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical account of animal behavior before natural disasters?

    <p>A massive exodus of animals from the Greek city of Helice days before a devastating earthquake in 373 B.C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the excess charge on a conductor when it is placed near a sharp point?

    <p>It leaks off the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials allow electrons to move relatively freely?

    <p>Conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do charges spread out uniformly over the surface of a spherical conductor?

    <p>Due to the repulsive forces between like charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a lightning rod on a building?

    <p>To safely channel away excess charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conducting spheres come into contact and share the total charge equally?

    <p>The total charge on each sphere remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials do not allow electrons to move freely?

    <p>Insulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distribution of charge on a conductor due to the repulsive forces between like charges?

    <p>Charge Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the electrostatic force between like charges on a conductor?

    <p>Repulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the principle of conservation of charge in understanding electrical interactions?

    <p>To explain the constant net charge of an isolated system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind sharks moving to deeper waters before hurricanes?

    <p>Changes in air pressure preceding the hurricane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific explanation for animals detecting natural disasters earlier than humans?

    <p>They can detect certain natural signals, such as early tremors of an earthquake, much earlier than humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an object having six positive charges and six negative charges?

    <p>The object becomes electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an object be made positively charged?

    <p>By removing electrons from the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when objects become charged through contact or friction?

    <p>Tribo-electric charging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force exerted by static charges on each other?

    <p>Electrostatic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the distance between charges and the strength of the electrostatic force?

    <p>The strength of the electrostatic force decreases with increasing distance between charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main biological effect of gamma rays on the human body?

    <p>They cause DNA double-strand breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation has enough energy to ionize atoms and molecules?

    <p>Ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of like charges?

    <p>They repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of arranging materials in a tribo-electric series?

    <p>To determine their tendency to gain or lose electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of UVA radiation on the skin?

    <p>It contributes to the aging of the skin and DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of melanin in the body's natural defense against UV radiation?

    <p>It tans the skin and helps to block UV penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the carrier of negative charge?

    <p>Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high-intensity UVB light on the eyes?

    <p>It can cause conditions such as photokeratitis and cataracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?

    <p>Ionizing radiation can break molecular bonds, while non-ionizing radiation cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using lead or thick concrete in protecting against gamma rays?

    <p>To block the gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of UVB radiation on skin cells?

    <p>It excites DNA molecules, resulting in possible cancerous mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wearing sun-protective clothing with a UPF rating?

    <p>To block both UVA and UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with gamma rays in terms of radiation exposure?

    <p>They can cause long-term health effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental unit of charge?

    <p>Electron charge (e)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a charged object is brought close to a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator becomes polarised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between conductors and insulators?

    <p>Conductors allow electrons to move freely, while insulators do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the force between like charges?

    <p>Repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for charge in electrostatics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Millikan's oil drop experiment?

    <p>It measured the charge of an electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a charged object is brought close to a material with naturally polarised molecules?

    <p>The material's dipoles align in response to the electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of the electrostatic force dependent on?

    <p>The square of the distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to excess charge on a conductor?

    <p>It is distributed evenly over the surface of the conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between resistivity and resistance in a material?

    <p>Materials with high resistivity have high resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects the strength of electrostatic force between two charged objects?

    <p>The distance between the charged objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total resistance of a series circuit with two resistors, each with a resistance of 2 ohms?

    <p>4 ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge on a single electron?

    <p>-1.6 × 10^-19 C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a resistor in a circuit?

    <p>To control the current flow and voltage in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chemical potential energy of a battery as it is used to drive a circuit?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a neutral insulator like polystyrene?

    <p>The insulator becomes polarised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the voltage across two points in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of charge carried by a single electron?

    <p>Elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of connecting resistors in parallel in a circuit?

    <p>The total resistance decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To allow the circuit to be opened or closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Millikan's oil drop experiment?

    <p>To measure the charge of an electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a superconductor?

    <p>It has zero resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the force between two charged objects with opposite charges?

    <p>Attractive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for charge in electrostatics?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a light bulb in a circuit?

    <p>To emit light when current flows through it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the length of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance increases as the length increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a charged object is brought close to a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator is polarised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of polarisation in a substance like water?

    <p>The substance becomes polarised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ammeter measure in a circuit?

    <p>The rate at which charge flows through a point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum potential difference between the terminals of a battery or power source when no current is flowing?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of connecting an ammeter in series with a circuit component?

    <p>To ensure that the current flowing through the component also flows through the ammeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons in an insulator when a charged object is brought near?

    <p>They are attracted towards the charged object and nuclei are repelled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate at which charge flows through a point in a circuit?

    <p>Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of polarisation when a charged rod is brought near a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator is attracted to the charged rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for current?

    <p>Amps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two conductors touch?

    <p>They share the total charge equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the separation of charge within an insulator due to a charged object?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force that pushes the charge around the circuit?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of insulators?

    <p>They do not allow free movement of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two opposite charges are brought close together?

    <p>They attract each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of resistance at a microscopic level?

    <p>Collisions between electrons and the conductor's atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the resistance of a conductor when its length is doubled?

    <p>It doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a larger cross-sectional area on the resistance of a conductor?

    <p>It decreases the resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the opposition to the flow of electric charge in a circuit?

    <p>Resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do water molecules align when a positively charged rod is brought close to them?

    <p>Because they are dipolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the heat generated by a cellphone charger during use?

    <p>The collisions between electrons and the conductor's atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the electrostatic force between two like charges?

    <p>They repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of conductors that allows them to distribute charge evenly over their surfaces?

    <p>The ability to move electrons freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the force between two like charges?

    <p>Repulsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two conductors touch and share the total charge between them?

    <p>Each conductor gains half of the total charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the distance between charges and the strength of the electrostatic force?

    <p>The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference between two points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of potential difference?

    <p>The work done per unit charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between conductors and insulators?

    <p>Conductors allow free movement of electrons, while insulators do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that acts between static electric charges?

    <p>Electrostatic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of rubbing a glass rod with silk?

    <p>The glass rod becomes positively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why higher frequency radiation can penetrate materials more effectively than lower frequency radiation?

    <p>Higher frequency radiation has higher energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation is most effective at penetrating the skin and causing internal damage?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Earth's ozone layer in relation to UV radiation?

    <p>To provide a shield against UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of UVA radiation on the skin?

    <p>It contributes to skin aging and DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which ionizing radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays, causes biological damage?

    <p>By breaking molecular bonds and creating ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why UV radiation is able to cause cellular damage?

    <p>It has enough energy to excite DNA molecules in skin cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electromagnetic radiation is most capable of penetrating the human body and causing significant biological damage?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of X-rays in medical imaging?

    <p>To visualize bones and internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why visible light is not able to penetrate deeply into the skin?

    <p>It is reflected off the surface of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when managing exposure to gamma rays?

    <p>Minimizing long-term health effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of non-ionizing radiation?

    <p>It does not have enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the frequency of EM radiation and its ability to cause cellular damage?

    <p>Higher frequency radiation is more damaging to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of melanin in protecting the skin against UV radiation?

    <p>It tans the skin and helps to block UV penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of UV radiation is more likely to cause sunburn and increase the risk of skin cancer?

    <p>UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wearing sun-protective clothing with a UPF rating?

    <p>To protect against both UVA and UVB radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high-intensity UVB light on the eyes?

    <p>It can cause cataracts and photokeratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation?

    <p>Ionizing radiation has higher energy, while non-ionizing radiation has lower energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using shielding materials such as lead or thick concrete to protect against gamma rays?

    <p>To absorb the gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental unit of charge in the universe?

    <p>Elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the magnitude of the charge on a single electron?

    <p>1.6 × 10^(-19) C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of charge quantisation?

    <p>Any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a charged object is brought close to a neutral insulator?

    <p>The insulator becomes polarised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that acts between static electric charges?

    <p>Electrostatic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between conductors and insulators?

    <p>Conductors allow electrons to move freely, while insulators do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an excess charge is placed on a conductor?

    <p>The charge is distributed evenly over the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?

    <p>The strength of the electrostatic force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between two identical conductors with a total charge?

    <p>One conductor has half of the total charge, while the other has the remaining half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of materials with naturally polarised molecules?

    <p>They have distinct positive and negative sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why X-rays are used in medical imaging despite their potential risks?

    <p>To provide high-quality images for medical diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and its frequency?

    <p>The energy of a photon is directly proportional to the frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using lead aprons during medical procedures involving X-rays?

    <p>To protect against ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation observed between radiation exposure and mortality in Russian nuclear workers?

    <p>Increased mortality from leukemia and other solid tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding the health effects of cellphone use?

    <p>Cancer risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Planck's constant in quantum mechanics?

    <p>It is used to calculate the energy of a photon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the observed behavior of dogs and cats before natural disasters?

    <p>They exhibit unusual behavior, such as howling or biting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using hands-free devices and keeping phones away from the body when using cellphones?

    <p>To minimize exposure to microwave radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the energy of a photon and its wavelength?

    <p>The energy of a photon decreases with longer wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why animals are able to detect natural disasters earlier than humans?

    <p>They are sensitive to certain natural signals, such as early tremors of an earthquake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force exerted by static charges on each other?

    <p>Electrostatic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which objects become charged through contact or friction?

    <p>Tribo-electric charging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the overall charge of an object?

    <p>The imbalance between positive and negative charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of materials based on their tendency to gain or lose electrons?

    <p>Tribo-electric series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of rubbing a cloth against a plastic ruler?

    <p>The ruler becomes negatively charged and the cloth becomes positively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the property of the electrostatic force that determines its strength?

    <p>The distance between the charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of charge carried by protons?

    <p>Positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an imbalance between positive and negative charges in an object?

    <p>The object becomes electrically charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding the behavior of animals before natural disasters?

    <p>To develop a predictive model for natural disasters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why conductors can distribute charge evenly over their surfaces?

    <p>The free movement of electrons in conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conductors touch and share the total charge between them?

    <p>Each conductor has half of the total charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the strength of the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?

    <p>The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the potential difference between two points in the circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of potential difference?

    <p>The work done per unit charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the concentration of charge near the points of a conductor with an irregular shape?

    <p>The curvature of the conductor is greater at the points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the collection of charge at sharp points on a conductor?

    <p>The charge can leak off the conductor if the point is sharp enough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positively charged rod is brought close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between conductors and insulators?

    <p>Conductors allow free movement of electrons, while insulators do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a lightning rod on a building?

    <p>To safely channel away any excess charge that might accumulate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of like charges repelling each other?

    <p>They spread out uniformly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total charge when two charged objects come into contact and then separate?

    <p>The total charge remains constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of conductors?

    <p>Electrons move freely and can distribute charge across the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the electrostatic force and the distance between the charges?

    <p>The force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a battery or power source in an electric circuit?

    <p>To provide a driving force to initiate and maintain the flow of electric charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when two identical conducting spheres come into contact and share the total charge?

    <p>The total charge is conserved, and the charge is distributed evenly between the two spheres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of conservation of charge?

    <p>The principle that states that the net charge of an isolated system remains constant during any physical process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between conductors and insulators?

    <p>Conductors allow electrons to move freely, while insulators do not allow electrons to move at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the electrostatic force on the distribution of charge on the surface of a conductor?

    <p>The charge is distributed uniformly over the surface of the conductor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do conductors with irregular shapes have a concentration of charge near the points?

    <p>Because the curvature of the conductor is greater at the points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why electrons in a conductor lose kinetic energy?

    <p>The electrons collide with the conductor's atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of doubling the length of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance is doubled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the investigation: Electrostatic Force?

    <p>To show the difference between like and opposite charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a battery's chemical potential energy is converted into heat and light in a circuit?

    <p>The resistors in the circuit convert electrical energy into heat and light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

    <p>Ohm (Ω)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a voltmeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the voltage across a circuit component.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bringing a positively charged rod close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of resistance?

    <p>The opposition to the flow of electric charge in a circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the total resistance when resistors are connected in parallel?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of doubling the cross-sectional area of a conductor on its resistance?

    <p>The resistance is halved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a superconductor?

    <p>It has zero resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of the attraction between a positively charged rod and a stream of water?

    <p>The electrostatic force between the rod and the water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why a cellphone charger gets warm during use?

    <p>The resistors in the charger convert some of the electrical energy into heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?

    <p>To allow the circuit to be opened or closed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bringing a negatively charged plastic rod close to a positively charged glass rod?

    <p>The rods attract each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why light bulbs have high resistance?

    <p>The thin filaments of the bulb cause electrons to lose a lot of kinetic energy as heat and light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the length of a conductor and its resistance?

    <p>The resistance increases as the length increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of connecting resistors in series?

    <p>The total resistance increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a light bulb in a circuit?

    <p>To emit light when current flows through it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of resistors in a circuit?

    <p>To control the current flow and voltage in the circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle underlying the concept of charge quantisation?

    <p>Any charge in the universe is an integer multiple of the elementary charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of polarisation on a neutral insulator?

    <p>It induces a shift in the positions of the electrons and nuclei within the atoms, creating a small separation of charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Millikan's oil drop experiment?

    <p>It measured the charge of an electron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of charge in the International System of Units (SI)?

    <p>Coulomb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the charge on a single electron and the charge on a proton?

    <p>The charge on a single electron is the opposite of the charge on a proton, but of the same magnitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of bringing a positively charged rod close to a stream of water?

    <p>The water molecules align with their negative sides towards the rod.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the elementary charge?

    <p>It is the fundamental unit of charge in the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the investigation: Electrostatic Force?

    <p>To demonstrate the principles of electrostatic force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?

    <p>A conductor is a material that allows electrons to move freely, while an insulator is a material that does not allow electrons to move freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an ammeter in a circuit?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through a circuit component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the alignment of dipoles in a material in response to an electric field?

    <p>The material becomes polarised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum potential difference between the terminals of a battery or power source when no current is flowing through the circuit?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that pushes the charge around a circuit, enabling current flow?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a charged object exerts a force on a neutral insulator?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials have molecules that are naturally polarised, meaning they have distinct positive and negative sides while being electrically neutral overall?

    <p>Water and similar substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate at which charge moves past a fixed point in a circuit?

    <p>Current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for current?

    <p>Ampere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum work done per unit charge to move it through the entire circuit, including through the battery itself?

    <p>Electromotive force (EMF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of connecting an ammeter in series with a circuit component?

    <p>To measure the current flowing through the component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the attractive force between a charged rod and a neutral insulator due to the induced dipoles aligning with the electric field of the charged rod?

    <p>Polarisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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