Non-conventional extraction techniques II

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What is the primary benefit of using high pressure in pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)?

To promote higher analyte solubility and mass transfer rate (correct)

To increase the boiling point of the solvent

To increase the viscosity of the solvent

To decrease the solubility of the analyte

Which of the following is a synonym for pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)?

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (correct)

Supercritical fluid extraction

Soxhlet extraction

Traditional extraction method

What is the main advantage of PLE over traditional soxhlet extraction?

Longer extraction time

Lower extraction temperature

Increased solvent use

Dramatic decrease in time consumption and solvent use (correct)

What is the reason for the development of PLE-based techniques?

Automation techniques and decreased extraction time and solvents requirement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of combining high pressure and temperature in PLE?

Faster extraction and decreased solvent use (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential application of PLE in extraction?

As an alternative technique to supercritical fluid extraction for polar compounds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) compared to conventional methods?

Lower solvent consumption (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds have been extracted from plant materials using PLE?

Bioactive compounds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of PLE that makes it suitable for extracting organic pollutants from environmental matrices?

Is stable at high temperatures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using PLE to extract isoflavones from soybeans?

No degradation of compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a comparison that has been made to evaluate the efficiency of PLE?

PLE vs. Soxhlet extraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal solvent composition for extracting flavonoids from spinach using PLE?

Ethanol and water (70:30) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of using carbon dioxide in supercritical fluid extraction?

Its ability to operate at moderate pressures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using carbon dioxide in supercritical fluid extraction?

Its low polarity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a co-solvent vessel and pump in a basic SFE system?

To mix the mobile phase with the co-solvent (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pressure range for operating a supercritical fluid extraction system?

Between 100 and 450 bar (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a chemical modifier in supercritical fluid extraction?

To enhance the polarity of the mobile phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a small amount of Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) as a modifier in supercritical fluid extraction?

It enhances the extraction of polar substances (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of operating SFE at room temperature?

It is ideal for thermo labile compound extraction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a small amount of sample in SFE?

It saves time for the overall experiment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of on-line coupling of SFE with chromatographic process?

It is useful for highly volatile compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of recycling and reusing supercritical fluid in SFE?

It minimizes waste generation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the flexibility of SFE in terms of sample size?

It can be arranged on a specific purpose from few milligram samples in laboratory to tons of sample in industries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a modifier in SFE?

It increases the extraction yield (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of PEF on plant materials during extraction?

Destroying the membrane structure of the plant material (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using PEF as a pretreatment process prior to conventional extraction?

Reducing the extraction effort (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of PEF treatment on the recovery of phytosterols from maize?

A 32.4% increase in recovery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PEF treatment on the extraction of anthocyanin monoglucosides from grape by-product?

Increasing the extraction of anthocyanin monoglucosides (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of applying PEF treatment on grape skin before maceration?

Reducing the duration of maceration and improving the stability of bioactives (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PEF treatment on the cell membrane of plant tissue at a moderate electric field?

Damaging the cell membrane with little temperature increase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of depressurization of supercritical fluid in SFE?

Reduce extraction time (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of operating SFE at room temperature?

Preserve thermo-labile compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using a small amount of sample in SFE?

Save time for overall experiment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of on-line coupling of SFE with chromatographic process?

Enable extraction of highly volatile compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of recycling and reusing supercritical fluid in SFE?

Minimize waste generation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary flexibility of SFE in terms of sample size?

Can be arranged for specific purposes from few milligrams to tons (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using modified supercritical CO2 in SFE?

Increase extraction yields of specific compounds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using methanol as a modifier in SFE?

Release more polyphenols and procyanidins from grape seeds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of SFE in terms of environmental sustainability?

Uses little amount of organic solvent and is considered environment-friendly (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of SFE in terms of extraction process information?

Provides detailed information about the extraction mechanism (B) Signup and view all the answers