Non-conventional extraction techniques II

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of using high pressure in pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)?

  • To promote higher analyte solubility and mass transfer rate (correct)
  • To increase the boiling point of the solvent
  • To increase the viscosity of the solvent
  • To decrease the solubility of the analyte

Which of the following is a synonym for pressurized liquid extraction (PLE)?

  • Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) (correct)
  • Supercritical fluid extraction
  • Soxhlet extraction
  • Traditional extraction method

What is the main advantage of PLE over traditional soxhlet extraction?

  • Longer extraction time
  • Lower extraction temperature
  • Increased solvent use
  • Dramatic decrease in time consumption and solvent use (correct)

What is the reason for the development of PLE-based techniques?

<p>Automation techniques and decreased extraction time and solvents requirement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of combining high pressure and temperature in PLE?

<p>Faster extraction and decreased solvent use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential application of PLE in extraction?

<p>As an alternative technique to supercritical fluid extraction for polar compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) compared to conventional methods?

<p>Lower solvent consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds have been extracted from plant materials using PLE?

<p>Bioactive compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of PLE that makes it suitable for extracting organic pollutants from environmental matrices?

<p>Is stable at high temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using PLE to extract isoflavones from soybeans?

<p>No degradation of compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a comparison that has been made to evaluate the efficiency of PLE?

<p>PLE vs. Soxhlet extraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal solvent composition for extracting flavonoids from spinach using PLE?

<p>Ethanol and water (70:30) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of using carbon dioxide in supercritical fluid extraction?

<p>Its ability to operate at moderate pressures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using carbon dioxide in supercritical fluid extraction?

<p>Its low polarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a co-solvent vessel and pump in a basic SFE system?

<p>To mix the mobile phase with the co-solvent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pressure range for operating a supercritical fluid extraction system?

<p>Between 100 and 450 bar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a chemical modifier in supercritical fluid extraction?

<p>To enhance the polarity of the mobile phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a small amount of Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) as a modifier in supercritical fluid extraction?

<p>It enhances the extraction of polar substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of operating SFE at room temperature?

<p>It is ideal for thermo labile compound extraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a small amount of sample in SFE?

<p>It saves time for the overall experiment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of on-line coupling of SFE with chromatographic process?

<p>It is useful for highly volatile compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of recycling and reusing supercritical fluid in SFE?

<p>It minimizes waste generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the flexibility of SFE in terms of sample size?

<p>It can be arranged on a specific purpose from few milligram samples in laboratory to tons of sample in industries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a modifier in SFE?

<p>It increases the extraction yield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of PEF on plant materials during extraction?

<p>Destroying the membrane structure of the plant material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using PEF as a pretreatment process prior to conventional extraction?

<p>Reducing the extraction effort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of PEF treatment on the recovery of phytosterols from maize?

<p>A 32.4% increase in recovery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PEF treatment on the extraction of anthocyanin monoglucosides from grape by-product?

<p>Increasing the extraction of anthocyanin monoglucosides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of applying PEF treatment on grape skin before maceration?

<p>Reducing the duration of maceration and improving the stability of bioactives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of PEF treatment on the cell membrane of plant tissue at a moderate electric field?

<p>Damaging the cell membrane with little temperature increase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of depressurization of supercritical fluid in SFE?

<p>Reduce extraction time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of operating SFE at room temperature?

<p>Preserve thermo-labile compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using a small amount of sample in SFE?

<p>Save time for overall experiment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of on-line coupling of SFE with chromatographic process?

<p>Enable extraction of highly volatile compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of recycling and reusing supercritical fluid in SFE?

<p>Minimize waste generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary flexibility of SFE in terms of sample size?

<p>Can be arranged for specific purposes from few milligrams to tons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using modified supercritical CO2 in SFE?

<p>Increase extraction yields of specific compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using methanol as a modifier in SFE?

<p>Release more polyphenols and procyanidins from grape seeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of SFE in terms of environmental sustainability?

<p>Uses little amount of organic solvent and is considered environment-friendly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of SFE in terms of extraction process information?

<p>Provides detailed information about the extraction mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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