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Questions and Answers
What is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration and out of the lungs during expiration?
What is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration and out of the lungs during expiration?
What is the reason for the flow of air into and out of the lungs?
What is the reason for the flow of air into and out of the lungs?
What is the term for the pressure inside the alveoli of the lungs?
What is the term for the pressure inside the alveoli of the lungs?
What is the active phase of ventilation?
What is the active phase of ventilation?
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What is the instrument used to measure the volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs?
What is the instrument used to measure the volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs?
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What is the primary reason why respiratory volumes are important in pulmonary function testing?
What is the primary reason why respiratory volumes are important in pulmonary function testing?
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Which of the following lung volumes cannot be measured using a spirometer?
Which of the following lung volumes cannot be measured using a spirometer?
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What is the sum of two or more lung volumes referred to as?
What is the sum of two or more lung volumes referred to as?
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At what stage of life do lungs typically reach their maximum capacity?
At what stage of life do lungs typically reach their maximum capacity?
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What is the calculation for total lung capacity?
What is the calculation for total lung capacity?
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Ventilation
- Pulmonary ventilation, also known as breathing, is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration and out of the lungs during expiration.
- Air flows due to pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside the lungs, moving from higher to lower pressure.
Pressures Involved in Ventilation
- Atmospheric pressure: the pressure of the air outside the body.
- Intraalveolar pressure: the pressure inside the alveoli of the lungs.
- Intrapleural pressure: the pressure within the pleural cavity.
Inspiration
- Inspiration (inhalation) is the active phase of ventilation, resulting from muscle contraction.
- During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts, increasing the thoracic cavity volume, which decreases intraalveolar pressure, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
Expiration
- Expiration (exhalation) is the process of letting air out of the lungs during the breathing cycle.
- During expiration, the relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil of tissue decreases the thoracic volume and increases intra-alveolar pressure, allowing air to flow out of the lungs.
Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
- The average adult takes 12 to 15 breaths per minute, with one breath consisting of one inspiration and one expiration.
- A spirometer is used to measure the volume of air moving into and out of the lungs (spirometry).
- Respiratory volumes and capacities can provide information about the physical condition of the lungs.
Lung Volumes
- Measurable lung volumes using a spirometer include:
- Tidal volume (TV)
- Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
- Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
- Residual volume (RV) is the amount of air left in the lungs after a forced exhalation and can only be calculated.
Lung Capacities
- Calculated lung capacities include:
- Vital capacity (ERV+TV+IRV)
- Inspiratory capacity (TV+IRV)
- Functional residual capacity (ERV+RV)
- Total lung capacity (RV+ERV+TV+IRV)
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Description
Learn about the process of pulmonary ventilation, also known as breathing, and how it works through pressure differences and muscular movements.
