Pulmonary System Functions Quiz

Pulmonary System Functions and Structure

• The pulmonary system provides gas exchange, regulates blood pH, contains receptors for smell, filters air, produces vocal sounds, and excretes water and heat.
• Ventilation involves the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the lungs, while respiration is the exchange of gases across specific interfaces.
• Functionally, the pulmonary system is divided into the conduction zone (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles) and the respiratory zone (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli).
• Structurally, it consists of the upper respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx) and the lower respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli).
• The nose filters, warms, and humidifies air, while the pharynx serves as a conduit for air and food.
• The larynx connects the pharynx to the trachea, contains vocal folds, and prevents food from entering the lower pulmonary tract.
• The larynx includes various cartilages such as thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform, and epiglottis.
• The trachea is a flexible tube with C-shaped cartilaginous rings, dividing into left and right main stem bronchi at the carina, and cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air.
• The tracheobronchial tree has 23 generations, including the conducting zone (main bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, terminal bronchioles) and the respiratory zone (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli).