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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of respiration?
What is the main function of respiration?
- Supplying carbon dioxide to cells and removing oxygen
- Supplying oxygen to cells and removing nitrogen
- Supplying oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide (correct)
- Supplying nitrogen to cells and removing oxygen
What can affect the respiratory center in the medulla of the brain stem?
What can affect the respiratory center in the medulla of the brain stem?
- Changes in blood pH
- Vagal afferents from the kidneys
- Vagal afferents from the heart
- Changes in blood pCO2 (correct)
What can result in bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion?
What can result in bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion?
- Inflammatory mediators (correct)
- Vitamin C supplements
- Physical exercise
- Excessive oxygen intake
Which chemical factor acts on the chemoreceptors in the medulla of the brain stem?
Which chemical factor acts on the chemoreceptors in the medulla of the brain stem?
What are the common signs/symptoms of respiratory disease listed in the text?
What are the common signs/symptoms of respiratory disease listed in the text?
What is the main focus of pulmonary pharmacology?
What is the main focus of pulmonary pharmacology?
What is the main pharmacotherapy approach for asthma?
What is the main pharmacotherapy approach for asthma?
Which drug is specifically used as a bronchodilator and inhibits bronchospasm?
Which drug is specifically used as a bronchodilator and inhibits bronchospasm?
What are the side effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists used as a bronchodilator?
What are the side effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists used as a bronchodilator?
What is the main role of glucocorticosteroids in managing asthma?
What is the main role of glucocorticosteroids in managing asthma?
Which drug accelerates mucus clearance by the cilia and has cardiac stimulant effects?
Which drug accelerates mucus clearance by the cilia and has cardiac stimulant effects?
What is the mechanism of action of albuterol?
What is the mechanism of action of albuterol?
What are the common side effects of albuterol?
What are the common side effects of albuterol?
What is the main indication for the use of beclomethasone?
What is the main indication for the use of beclomethasone?
Which drug is indicated for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm?
Which drug is indicated for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm?
What is the main pharmacological action of muscarinic receptor antagonists used as a bronchodilator?
What is the main pharmacological action of muscarinic receptor antagonists used as a bronchodilator?
What is the main function of respiration?
What is the main function of respiration?
What chemical factors can affect the respiratory center in the medulla?
What chemical factors can affect the respiratory center in the medulla?
Which receptors are responsible for bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion?
Which receptors are responsible for bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion?
What is the main focus of pulmonary pharmacology?
What is the main focus of pulmonary pharmacology?
Which class of drugs can accelerate mucus clearance by the cilia and has cardiac stimulant effects?
Which class of drugs can accelerate mucus clearance by the cilia and has cardiac stimulant effects?
What are the main signs/symptoms of respiratory disease listed in the text?
What are the main signs/symptoms of respiratory disease listed in the text?
What is the main pharmacological action of methylxanthines in bronchodilator therapy?
What is the main pharmacological action of methylxanthines in bronchodilator therapy?
Which drug is indicated for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm?
Which drug is indicated for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm?
What is the main function of bronchodilator drugs in respiratory system pharmacotherapy?
What is the main function of bronchodilator drugs in respiratory system pharmacotherapy?
Which respiratory condition is specifically associated with the use of muscarinic receptor antagonists as a bronchodilator?
Which respiratory condition is specifically associated with the use of muscarinic receptor antagonists as a bronchodilator?
What are the side effects commonly associated with B2-agonists like albuterol?
What are the side effects commonly associated with B2-agonists like albuterol?
What is the main pharmacological action of muscarinic receptor antagonists used as a bronchodilator?
What is the main pharmacological action of muscarinic receptor antagonists used as a bronchodilator?
Which side effect is specifically associated with muscarinic receptor antagonists used as a bronchodilator?
Which side effect is specifically associated with muscarinic receptor antagonists used as a bronchodilator?
What is the main pharmacological action of albuterol in bronchodilator therapy?
What is the main pharmacological action of albuterol in bronchodilator therapy?
What is the main choice for managing inflammation in asthma?
What is the main choice for managing inflammation in asthma?
Which drug accelerates mucus clearance by the cilia and has cardiac stimulant effects?
Which drug accelerates mucus clearance by the cilia and has cardiac stimulant effects?
Study Notes
Respiration
- The main function of respiration is to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide
- The respiratory center in the medulla of the brain stem can be affected by chemical factors such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels
Pulmonary Pharmacology
- The main focus of pulmonary pharmacology is to manage respiratory diseases such as asthma
- Pulmonary pharmacology includes the use of bronchodilators, glucocorticosteroids, and other medications to manage respiratory diseases
Bronchodilators
- Muscarinic receptor antagonists are used as bronchodilators to inhibit bronchospasm and reduce mucus secretion
- Beta2-agonists (B2-agonists) such as albuterol are used as bronchodilators to relax airway smooth muscle
- Albuterol is specifically used to relieve bronchospasm and inhibit bronchospasm
- The mechanism of action of albuterol is to stimulate beta2 receptors, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle
- Common side effects of albuterol include tremors, anxiety, and palpitations
Glucocorticosteroids
- Glucocorticosteroids are used to manage inflammation in asthma
- The main role of glucocorticosteroids is to reduce inflammation and swelling in the airways
- Beclomethasone is specifically used to manage inflammation in asthma
Mucolytics
- Mucolytics such as theophylline accelerate mucus clearance by the cilia and have cardiac stimulant effects
Respiratory Disease
- Common signs/symptoms of respiratory disease include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath
- Respiratory disease can result from bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion, which can be triggered by chemical factors such as acetylcholine
Pharmacological Actions
- Muscarinic receptor antagonists used as bronchodilators have the pharmacological action of inhibiting the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors
- Albuterol has the pharmacological action of stimulating beta2 receptors, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle
- Methylxanthines such as theophylline have the pharmacological action of inhibiting phosphodiesterase, leading to increased cAMP levels and relaxation of airway smooth muscle
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Description
Test your knowledge of pulmonary pharmacology and physical therapy with this quiz. Explore the pathophysiology of airway hyper-reactivity, major classes of bronchodilators, therapeutic indications, side effects, antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, uses, and major adverse effects.
