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Questions and Answers
Match the pulmonary conditions with their descriptions:
Match the pulmonary conditions with their descriptions:
Pulmonary Congestion = Passive accumulation of blood in pulmonary vessels Atelectasis = Collapse of previously inflated alveoli Emphysema = Overinflation of alveoli with destruction of walls Ruptured Pulmonary Aneurism = Large abscess erodes major pulmonary vessel
Match the causes with their respective conditions:
Match the causes with their respective conditions:
Complete airway obstruction = Acquired atelectasis Tympany = Pulmonary compression Incomplete obstruction of bronchi = Emphysema Left-sided heart failure = Pulmonary Congestion
Match the terms with their histological features:
Match the terms with their histological features:
Heart failure cells = Alveolar macrophages filled with hemosiderin Congested capillaries = Fluid and erythrocytes escape into the alveolar space Atelectasis = Meaty appearance of the lung Emphysema = Enlargement and rupture of alveolar walls
Match the descriptions with their related processes:
Match the descriptions with their related processes:
Match the characteristics with their corresponding condition:
Match the characteristics with their corresponding condition:
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Study Notes
Pulmonary Congestion
- Passive accumulation of blood in pulmonary vessels and capillaries
- Often results from heart failure (left side)
- Grossly appears as a diffuse red discoloration of all pulmonary lobes except cranial margins
- Lung edema is present
- Histology reveals "Heart failure cells" within alveoli. These are alveolar macrophages filled with hemosiderin
- Alveolar macrophages engulf hemosiderin which is released from the lysis of red blood cells.
- Congested capillaries leak fluid and erythrocytes into the alveolar space, leading to edema and intra-alveolar hemorrhages.
Ruptured Pulmonary Aneurysm
- Large abscess erodes major pulmonary vessel
Abnormalitites of Inflation
- Collapsed (Atelectasis)
- Overinflated (Emphysema)
Pulmonary Atelectasis
- Loss of air content in previously inflated alveoli
- Can be acquired
- Causes include:
- Complete airway obstruction
- Pulmonary compression
- Grossly appears meaty (red and firm) and depressed in relation to adjacent normal lung tissue.
Pulmonary Emphysema
- Over-inflation of alveoli with destruction of walls
- Causes include:
- Incomplete obstruction of bronchi or bronchioles from foreign bodies or exudate, interfering with expiration
- Characterized by enlargement and rupture of alveolar walls.
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