Lung Pathology: Alveolar Disease Lecture

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Which condition is less commonly associated with alveolar disease?

Interstitial lung disease (correct)
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Eosinophilic lung disease
Pulmonary oedema (cardiogenic)

What is a common clinical sign of pulmonary parenchymal disease?

Increased expiratory effort only
Increased inspiratory effort only
More expiratory than inspiratory effort (correct)
Equal inspiratory and expiratory effort

Why do cats with pulmonary oedema rarely cough?

Alveolar diseases do not induce coughing
Coughing is suppressed in animals with pulmonary oedema
Cats have a natural resistance to coughing
The last set of receptors for coughing is in the bronchioles (correct)

Which type of neoplasia arises from the airways and causes cough?

Primary neoplasia only (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are less frequent signs of pulmonary parenchymal disease?

Hemoptysis and cyanosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

In which cases can animals function well with one lung?

When minimal signs of pathology are present (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a physical examination important in cases of respiratory disease?

'To assess if other signs of systemic disease are present' (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not definitive of alveolar disease but indicates problems within the lungs, necessitating imaging?

Crackles while dragging air through fluid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of aspiration pneumonia as mentioned in the text?

Tachypnoea (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of air bronchograms indicate in radiographs?

Alveolar disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common location for alveolar infiltrate as per the text?

Right cranial lobe (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is mentioned in the text as supportive for respiratory issues?

Oxygen therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

For respiratory tract disease, what should antibiotics ideally be based on as per the text?

Culture and sensitivity results (B) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates an alveolar pattern from other soft tissue patterns?

Border obliteration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does Metoclopramide play in the treatment of respiratory issues mentioned in the text?

To improve motility and increase LOS tone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment period for severe/chronic infections?

4-6 weeks (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection is uncommon in dogs according to the text?

Primary infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the go-to drug for Mycoplasma infections in cats?

Doxycycline (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotics is inherently resistant to certain antibiotics due to the lack of a cell wall?

Mycoplasma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do inhaled antibiotics play in respiratory tract infections according to the text?

They have no current evidence of efficacy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What medication is concentrated significantly in canine alveolar macrophages and is recommended as first-line for aspiration pneumonia?

Doxycycline (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Aminopenicillins' are described as good for which type of bacteria in the text?

Gram positive aerobes and anaerobes (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Bromhexine' is used primarily in which animals according to the text?

'Large' animals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical clinical presentation of eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBN) in dogs?

Coughing and breathlessness (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the radiograph of a dog with EBN typically appear?

Displays a diffuse bronchointerstitial pattern (D) Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test is recommended for confirming EBN in dogs?

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment of choice for EBN in dogs?

Prednisolone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of dogs with EBN may show circulating eosinophilia?

~50% (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do bronchial markings appear on a radiograph in the case of EBN?

Thin white lines on the lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible outcome if organs other than the lungs are involved in EBN in dogs?

'Guarded' prognosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

Type of fluid accumulation in the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema related to neurogenic forms?

Intense pulmonary vasoconstriction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema more refractory to therapy than cardiogenic oedema?

Increased epithelial damage affecting fluid removal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the histological presentation commonly seen in pulmonary oedema on radiographs?

Increased levels of RBCs in alveolar macrophages (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition rarely causes pulmonary oedema due to efficient lymphatic drainage?

Hypoalbuminaemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature that distinguishes cardiogenic from non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

Cause of heart failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What increases fluid accumulation in non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

(EBP) - affects bronchi and lungs and we don’t know its aetiology. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, what is the primary reason for the high protein content in the alveolar fluid?

Increased vascular permeability (D) Signup and view all the answers

Alveolar Disease

A lung condition affecting the air sacs (alveoli).

Interstitial Lung Disease

A lung condition affecting the tissue between the air sacs.