Lung Pathology: Alveolar Disease Lecture
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is less commonly associated with alveolar disease?

  • Interstitial lung disease (correct)
  • Pulmonary haemorrhage
  • Eosinophilic lung disease
  • Pulmonary oedema (cardiogenic)
  • What is a common clinical sign of pulmonary parenchymal disease?

  • Increased expiratory effort only
  • Increased inspiratory effort only
  • More expiratory than inspiratory effort (correct)
  • Equal inspiratory and expiratory effort
  • Why do cats with pulmonary oedema rarely cough?

  • Alveolar diseases do not induce coughing
  • Coughing is suppressed in animals with pulmonary oedema
  • Cats have a natural resistance to coughing
  • The last set of receptors for coughing is in the bronchioles (correct)
  • Which type of neoplasia arises from the airways and causes cough?

    <p>Primary neoplasia only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are less frequent signs of pulmonary parenchymal disease?

    <p>Hemoptysis and cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cases can animals function well with one lung?

    <p>When minimal signs of pathology are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a physical examination important in cases of respiratory disease?

    <p>'To assess if other signs of systemic disease are present'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not definitive of alveolar disease but indicates problems within the lungs, necessitating imaging?

    <p>Crackles while dragging air through fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign of aspiration pneumonia as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Tachypnoea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of air bronchograms indicate in radiographs?

    <p>Alveolar disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for alveolar infiltrate as per the text?

    <p>Right cranial lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is mentioned in the text as supportive for respiratory issues?

    <p>Oxygen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For respiratory tract disease, what should antibiotics ideally be based on as per the text?

    <p>Culture and sensitivity results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates an alveolar pattern from other soft tissue patterns?

    <p>Border obliteration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Metoclopramide play in the treatment of respiratory issues mentioned in the text?

    <p>To improve motility and increase LOS tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment period for severe/chronic infections?

    <p>4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is uncommon in dogs according to the text?

    <p>Primary infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the go-to drug for Mycoplasma infections in cats?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotics is inherently resistant to certain antibiotics due to the lack of a cell wall?

    <p>Mycoplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do inhaled antibiotics play in respiratory tract infections according to the text?

    <p>They have no current evidence of efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is concentrated significantly in canine alveolar macrophages and is recommended as first-line for aspiration pneumonia?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Aminopenicillins' are described as good for which type of bacteria in the text?

    <p>Gram positive aerobes and anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Bromhexine' is used primarily in which animals according to the text?

    <p>'Large' animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical clinical presentation of eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBN) in dogs?

    <p>Coughing and breathlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the radiograph of a dog with EBN typically appear?

    <p>Displays a diffuse bronchointerstitial pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic test is recommended for confirming EBN in dogs?

    <p>Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment of choice for EBN in dogs?

    <p>Prednisolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of dogs with EBN may show circulating eosinophilia?

    <p>~50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bronchial markings appear on a radiograph in the case of EBN?

    <p>Thin white lines on the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the possible outcome if organs other than the lungs are involved in EBN in dogs?

    <p>'Guarded' prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

    <p>Type of fluid accumulation in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema related to neurogenic forms?

    <p>Intense pulmonary vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema more refractory to therapy than cardiogenic oedema?

    <p>Increased epithelial damage affecting fluid removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological presentation commonly seen in pulmonary oedema on radiographs?

    <p>Increased levels of RBCs in alveolar macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition rarely causes pulmonary oedema due to efficient lymphatic drainage?

    <p>Hypoalbuminaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature that distinguishes cardiogenic from non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

    <p>Cause of heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases fluid accumulation in non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?

    <p>(EBP) - affects bronchi and lungs and we don’t know its aetiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, what is the primary reason for the high protein content in the alveolar fluid?

    <p>Increased vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

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