38 Questions
Which condition is less commonly associated with alveolar disease?
Interstitial lung disease
What is a common clinical sign of pulmonary parenchymal disease?
More expiratory than inspiratory effort
Why do cats with pulmonary oedema rarely cough?
The last set of receptors for coughing is in the bronchioles
Which type of neoplasia arises from the airways and causes cough?
Primary neoplasia only
What are less frequent signs of pulmonary parenchymal disease?
Hemoptysis and cyanosis
In which cases can animals function well with one lung?
When minimal signs of pathology are present
Why is a physical examination important in cases of respiratory disease?
'To assess if other signs of systemic disease are present'
Which symptom is not definitive of alveolar disease but indicates problems within the lungs, necessitating imaging?
Crackles while dragging air through fluid
What is a common sign of aspiration pneumonia as mentioned in the text?
Tachypnoea
What does the presence of air bronchograms indicate in radiographs?
Alveolar disease
What is the most common location for alveolar infiltrate as per the text?
Right cranial lobe
Which treatment method is mentioned in the text as supportive for respiratory issues?
Oxygen therapy
For respiratory tract disease, what should antibiotics ideally be based on as per the text?
Culture and sensitivity results
What characteristic differentiates an alveolar pattern from other soft tissue patterns?
Border obliteration
What role does Metoclopramide play in the treatment of respiratory issues mentioned in the text?
To improve motility and increase LOS tone
What is the recommended treatment period for severe/chronic infections?
4-6 weeks
Which type of infection is uncommon in dogs according to the text?
Primary infection
What is the go-to drug for Mycoplasma infections in cats?
Doxycycline
Which type of antibiotics is inherently resistant to certain antibiotics due to the lack of a cell wall?
Mycoplasma
What role do inhaled antibiotics play in respiratory tract infections according to the text?
They have no current evidence of efficacy
What medication is concentrated significantly in canine alveolar macrophages and is recommended as first-line for aspiration pneumonia?
Doxycycline
'Aminopenicillins' are described as good for which type of bacteria in the text?
Gram positive aerobes and anaerobes
'Bromhexine' is used primarily in which animals according to the text?
'Large' animals
What is the typical clinical presentation of eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBN) in dogs?
Coughing and breathlessness
How does the radiograph of a dog with EBN typically appear?
Displays a diffuse bronchointerstitial pattern
What diagnostic test is recommended for confirming EBN in dogs?
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
What is the treatment of choice for EBN in dogs?
Prednisolone
What percentage of dogs with EBN may show circulating eosinophilia?
~50%
How do bronchial markings appear on a radiograph in the case of EBN?
Thin white lines on the lungs
What is the possible outcome if organs other than the lungs are involved in EBN in dogs?
'Guarded' prognosis
What is the main difference between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?
Type of fluid accumulation in the lungs
What is the likely cause of non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema related to neurogenic forms?
Intense pulmonary vasoconstriction
Why is non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema more refractory to therapy than cardiogenic oedema?
Increased epithelial damage affecting fluid removal
What is the histological presentation commonly seen in pulmonary oedema on radiographs?
Increased levels of RBCs in alveolar macrophages
Which condition rarely causes pulmonary oedema due to efficient lymphatic drainage?
Hypoalbuminaemia
What is the main feature that distinguishes cardiogenic from non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?
Cause of heart failure
What increases fluid accumulation in non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?
(EBP) - affects bronchi and lungs and we don’t know its aetiology.
In non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, what is the primary reason for the high protein content in the alveolar fluid?
Increased vascular permeability
Explore common alveolar diseases such as aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, and eosinophilic lung disease. Learn about primary and metastatic neoplasia affecting the airways in this informative lecture.
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