Pulmonary Drug Delivery Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is one purpose of delivering drugs to the lungs?

  • To circumvent all forms of drug delivery
  • To achieve a local effect for conditions like asthma (correct)
  • To enhance oral absorption of drugs
  • To achieve systemic metabolic effects

    • Which of the following drugs is specifically used for respiratory distress syndrome?

  • Pentamidine
  • Pulmonary surfactant (correct)
  • Deoxyribonuclease
  • Loxapine

    • Which type of drug delivery method involves instilling a liquid directly into the trachea?

  • Oral inhalation therapy
  • Intratracheal instillation (correct)
  • Subcutaneous injection
  • Aerosol inhalation

    • What is a characteristic of aerosol inhalation as a delivery method?

    <p>Delivers a drug via oral inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of oral aerosol device uses mechanical energy to operate?

    <p>Metered-dose inhalers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can benefit from the use of mucolytics delivered via pulmonary methods?

    <p>Cystic Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of using the lungs for systemic drug delivery?

    <p>Hepatic first pass metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding nebulizers?

    <p>They include air-jet and ultrasonic types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor that affects the efficiency of pulmonary drug delivery?

    <p>Suboptimal aerosol generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) is responsible for delivering an accurate volume of medication?

    <p>Metering valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause an aerosol to impact in the back of the throat during drug inhalation?

    <p>Suboptimal inhalation technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is most commonly used for the container of a pMDI?

    <p>Aluminum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does rapid aerosol release affect drug delivery in inhalers?

    <p>Favors impaction in the throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI)?

    <p>Flow regulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the liquid in a metered-dose inhaler when it is actuated?

    <p>It becomes a fine mist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the actuator in a metered-dose inhaler?

    <p>To depress the metering valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the propellant in metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs)?

    <p>To serve as a power source for aerosolization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which propellant is considered the main alternative to CFCs used in inhalers?

    <p>HFA 134</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of using suspensions in metered-dose inhalers?

    <p>Poor solubilizing capacity of propellants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the aerosol release from a pMDI after the valve stem is depressed?

    <p>Liquid aerosol is exposed to lower pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of propellants significantly affects their function in inhalers?

    <p>Their nonpolar nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical pressure maintained in a pMDI?

    <p>3 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cosolvent used in pMDI formulations?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the liquid aerosol in a pMDI is exposed to atmospheric pressure?

    <p>Flash vaporization occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism generates aerosol in the Respimat device?

    <p>A spring mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the aerosol produced by Respimat compared to pMDIs?

    <p>It is softer and slower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the carrier powder in Dry-Powder Inhalers (DPIs)?

    <p>To improve powder flow and dispersibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must the drug formulation in DPIs be micronized?

    <p>To reach the proper particle size for effective delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the small particle size in powdered drugs?

    <p>It can result in greater cohesiveness and adhesiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force that allows dry powder to flow in DPIs?

    <p>Compressive force from the patient's breath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following DPIs uses capsules prefilled with drug formulation?

    <p>Handihaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the carrier particles in a DPI, and how does this affect their respirability?

    <p>They are larger and less respirable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main effects of using spacer devices?

    <p>They reduce aerosol velocity and improve lung targeting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a valved holding chamber helps to keep aerosol in the device until inhalation occurs?

    <p>Inspiratory valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of breath-actuated pMDIs?

    <p>They do not require coordination of actuation and inhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using spacer devices?

    <p>There is significant loss of aerosol product within the device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the antistatic coating of a spacer device benefit its function?

    <p>It reduces deposition in the spacer, increasing the available dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following examples is a breath-actuated pMDI?

    <p>QVAR Redihaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the flow indicator sound in a spacer device signify?

    <p>The inhalation is too fast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of reducing aerosol velocity in spacer devices?

    <p>Decreases the likelihood of oropharyngeal deposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which Afrezza delivers insulin?

    <p>Insulin adsorbed onto fumaryl diketopiperazine microspheres that dissolve in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device uses aluminum blister packs to separately store doses?

    <p>Diskhaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DPI is the Pulmicort Flexhaler classified as?

    <p>Multiple-dose DPI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor affecting dose delivery from DPIs?

    <p>Inspiratory flow rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Ellipta device?

    <p>Contains a reservoir for metering doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Diskus Powders from other inhalation devices?

    <p>Contains drug plus lactose in blister strips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of Afrezza?

    <p>Insulin regular adsorbed on FDKP microspheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inhalers is classified as a generic of Advair Diskus?

    <p>Wixela Inhub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pulmonary Drug Delivery

    • Purposes of lung drug delivery include achieving local effects (e.g., asthma treatment with beta-2 agonists, glucocorticoids, antimuscarinics, mast cell stabilizers; infections with pentamidine or ribavirin; mucolytics like n-acetylcysteine; cystic fibrosis treatment with deoxyribonuclease; respiratory distress syndrome treatment with pulmonary surfactant) and systemic effects (e.g., insulin, loxapine, levodopa)
    • Pulmonary drug delivery methods include intratracheal instillation (drug liquid into trachea) and aerosol inhalation (propellant-driven, mechanical, or dry power inhalers).

    Respiratory Tract

    • Regions include upper airway (nose and nasal cavity), and the trachea-bronchial tree (segmental, nonrespiratory, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli).
    • Trachea-bronchial tree progressively decreases in caliber, primarily conducting air to the respiratory region for gas exchange.
    • Pulmonary epithelia line the upper airway and trachea-bronchial tree.
      • Ciliated epithelia in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells, along with goblet cells.
      • Mucus in the lungs similar to nasal mucus.
        • Prevents epithelial dehydration and traps foreign particles.
        • Moved upwards by cilia in mucociliary escalator process to be swallowed.
    • Alveoli are the primary site for gas exchange within the lungs.

    Aerosol Deposition in Lungs

    • Aerosol deposition occurs via inertial impaction (particles’ tendency to travel in a straight line), sedimentation (particles fall due to gravity), and diffusion (particles diffuse to deposition sites).
    • Particle size profoundly affects deposition; smaller particles reach deeper regions of the lungs.
    • Factors like breathing rate and breathing pattern also influence particle deposition rates, especially in diseased states.
    • Particles greater than 10 micrometers deposit in the oropharynx or upper airways, while particles from 5-10 micrometers deposit in the upper tracheobronchial region, particles from 1-5 in bronchioles/alveolar ducts, and those smaller than 1 micrometer deposit in the alveoli.
      • Smaller particles deposit farther down in the lung. Increased particle velocity favors deposition by impaction

    Pulmonary Inhalation Devices

    • Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers (pMDIs) are the common type and consist of: A container, Metering Valve, Actuator/Mouthpiece, Propellant.
    • Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs) dispense dry powder directly into the airways. The forces needed to exhale to operate these devices are important.
    • Nebulizers (SVN) produce mist of liquid.
      • Air-jet and Ultrasonic types exist.
      • Aerosol produced is nebulized in small droplets, which are then inhaled.

    Drug Factors in MDIs/DPIs

    • Drug properties are important: Solvents for suspensions (drug dispersed in the solvent); micronization necessary for suspended drugs to avoid large particles impacting in the oropharynx.
    • Additives (cosolvents, surfactants).
    • Preservatives are not always needed (Single use).

    Patient Factors

    • Patient conditions affect drug delivery to the lungs. Coordination/breathing patterns are important for MDIs.
    • Patients that have the ability to control or modify their breathing for inhalers would choose an MDI. For patients with problems controlling breathing or lung issues, nebulizers may work better.

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    Related Documents

    Pulmonary Drug Delivery PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on pulmonary drug delivery methods and their purposes. This quiz covers various treatments and the anatomy of the respiratory tract. Explore how different drugs are delivered to achieve local and systemic effects in patients with respiratory diseases.

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